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http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/101
2024-01-28T01:01:49ZDinâmica populacional de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em soja na região de Cerrado brasileiro: avaliação da incidência de adultos e lagartas e sua relação com as variações de temperatura e umidade
http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/5802
Título: Dinâmica populacional de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em soja na região de Cerrado brasileiro: avaliação da incidência de adultos e lagartas e sua relação com as variações de temperatura e umidade
Autor(es): Souza, Nilton Pereira de
Primeiro Orientador: Fernandes, Marcos Gino
Abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), known as the corn fall armyworm, is a pest with widespread polyphagy and notorious as a primary pest in several agricultural crops. In soybean crops, their larvae can cause serious damage in the early stages of plant development, as well as during grain formation. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of S. frugiperda caterpillars and adults in relation to some environmental factors, specifically temperature and humidity, in two agricultural years of Intacta soybeans in the region of Ponta Porã and Dourados-MS. The 2021/22 harvest experiment was conducted at the unit of the Federal Institute of Mato Grosso do Sul, Ponta Porã campus, in the municipality of Ponta Porã, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, while the 2022/23 harvest experiment was conducted in the experimental area from Unigran, Mato Grosso do Sul, in the municipality of Dourados. . To capture males, a Delta-type trap was used with attractive commercial bait (Bio Spodoptera, Biocontrole®), while the caterpillar count was done visually, directly on the plants. Both analyzes were carried out weekly, starting before sowing and continuing until the end of the crop cycle. Climatic temperature and humidity data were obtained from INMET for Ponta Porã and EMBRAPA - Agropecuária Oeste for Dourados. To evaluate the influence of these abiotic factors on the population density of adults and caterpillars, linear regression analyzes were performed between population and climatic data. S. frugiperda adults and caterpillars were detected in both harvests, where the number of adults was higher in relation to the number of caterpillars. In the 21/22 harvest, the caterpillars were present both in the initial period of the harvest and at the end, diverging from the 22/23 harvest, in which the caterpillars were only present in the final sampling period. No significant correlation was found between temperature and humidity with the number of adults or caterpillars. The occurrence of caterpillars in the initial stages of soybean can compromise the establishment of the crop, due to the high destructive capacity of these pests on seedlings. Furthermore, the occurrence in the reproductive phases interferes with soybean yield, since the caterpillars prefer to feed on the pods in this phenological phase. Therefore, continuous monitoring of S. frugiperda throughout the soybean cycle is recommended, especially in the initial phases of vegetative and reproductive development, as the presence of caterpillars in these phases represents a substantial risk to crop yield.
Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Tipo: Dissertação2023-07-25T00:00:00ZBiodiversidade de borboletas frugívoras no parque estadual das várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul
http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/5633
Título: Biodiversidade de borboletas frugívoras no parque estadual das várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul
Autor(es): Martins, Lucas Ortega
Primeiro Orientador: Torres, Viviana de Oliveira
Abstract: The insects of the order Lepidoptera are considered important bioindicators since they present high levels of sensitivity according to the level of habitat degradation. Neotropical butterfly communities can be divided into two guilds according to their eating feeding habits: frugivorous and nectarivorous. The frugivorous belongs to the Nymphalidae family and are recognized for their great diversity, dispersion capacity, and also for their sensitivity to environmental changes, occurring mainly in areas of little altered fragments. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the community of frugivorous butterflies in areas of lowland forest fragments in the Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, also evaluating the relationship between butterfly species and fruit and flowering trees in the local. The collections were carried out in five forest fragments in the Parque from January to March 2020. For passive collections, we used Van Someren-Rydon traps with a mixture of mashed bananas and sugar cane juice, fermented for 48 hours and active collections were made with entomological network. In addition, were counted the trees that were bearing or flowering during the collection periods. Species richness was evaluated using the Simpson and Shannon diversity indices. The species composition at the sampled points and the correlation between the frugivorous butterfly species and the fruiting and flowering trees species were evaluated by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Twenty-seven species were collected, which belong to the subfamilies Biblidinae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae, and Nymphalinae respectively. Three species were singletons, two doubletons, six rare, six frequent and 15 species were common. The most abundant species were Fountainea ryphea representing 25.19% of the specimens collected, Hamadryas februa with 19.27% and Yphthimoides sp. with 18.29%. Fragment 1 showed greater richness (21 species) and fragment 3 lesser richness, with 11 species. The accumulation curves of generated species show that fragments 1, 3, and 5 tend to stabilize, while fragments 2 and 4 require greater sampling effort. The characterization of the community by NMDS points to differences between the composition and abundance of species according to the points sampled, a factor that may indicate competition between species, since the occurrence of one species can reduce the frequency of occurrence of another. In addition, the NMDS ordination pointed out that there is a correlation between the composition of frugivorous butterfly species with the species of trees bearing fruit or flowering in the sampled fragments, separating them mainly between the fragments to the west of the river and the fragments to the east. Therefore, our results contribute to the knowledge of the diversity and composition of frugivorous butterflies in floodplain forest areas and transition areas such as the Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema. Furthermore, it shows that the species composition of frugivorous butterflies is influenced by the species of trees bearing or flowering in these fragments.
Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Tipo: Dissertação2021-09-13T00:00:00ZParasitóides no controle de lepidópteros desfolhadores em Eucalipto
http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/5632
Título: Parasitóides no controle de lepidópteros desfolhadores em Eucalipto
Autor(es): Santos, Juliana Pereira
Primeiro Orientador: Pereira, Fabricio Fagundes
Abstract: Species of lepidopterans have been causing significant economic damage in eucalyptus plantations. Trichogramma bruni, Trichogramma pretiosum, Tetrastichus howardi, Trichospilus diatraeae, Palmistichus elaeisis are lepidopteran parasitoids that have the potential to be used in the biological control of these pests. The research was divided into three chapters, with the objectives of comparing the development of T. bruni and T. pretiosum in eggs of Chrysodeixis includens and Iridopsis panopla; estimating the horizontal dispersal capacity of T. bruni in eucalyptus stands and its parasitism capacity on eggs of I. panopla in the field; as well as determining the ideal density to be released per hectare of T. howardi, T. diatraeae, P. elaeisis, and assessing their effectiveness in the population control of Thyrinteina arnobia in eucalyptus stands. The experiments on the development of T. bruni and T. pretiosum were conducted at the Laboratory of Biological Control of Insects (LECOBIOL), and the others were carried out in commercial eucalyptus plantations of silviculturists associated with the South-Mato-Grossense Association of Producers and Consumers of Planted Forests (REFLORE-MS), in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. In chapter 1, the design consisted of a 2x2 factorial scheme, with two species of parasitoids (T. bruni and T. pretiosum) and two host species (C. includens and I. panopla). The following variables were evaluated: Parasitism (%), duration of egg-to-adult cycle, sex ratio, number of individuals per egg, parasitism viability, and adult longevity. The data on biological characteristics were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA, F test) at a 5% probability level, and mean comparisons were performed using Tukey's test at a 5% probability level. For chapter 2, the experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with one control area (without parasitoid release) and five treatments (radii of 5, 10- , 15-, 20- and 25-meters circumference with the release of 5,000 parasitoids at the center of each circle). Cardboards containing non-viable eggs of Ephestia kuehniella and yellow sticky traps were interspersed within the circumference of each radius. After 48 hours in the field, all material was collected and taken to the laboratory to assess the average dispersion of T. bruni per radius. To assess the parasitism of T. bruni on eggs of I. panopla, 30,000 newly emerged adults were released in the field, at eight points per hectare, in a commercial plantation of 3.5-year-old Eucalyptus urograndis. One hectare area without release was used to evaluate natural parasitism. After nine days, eggs of I. panopla were collected from the trunks of 10 eucalyptus trees randomly, in areas with and without release, and taken to the laboratory to observe parasitized eggs and possible emergence of larvae or parasitoids. The percentage of parasitism and emergence were evaluated. Chapter 3 comprises experiments conducted in commercial eucalyptus plantations, with five treatments (Control: area without release (T1) and 4 densities of parasitoids - for T. howardi and T. diatraeae were 30 (T2), 60 (T3), 120 (T4), and 430 females (T5) of the species per pupa, and for P. elaeisis it was 20 (T2), 40 (T3), 80 (T4), and 160 females (T5) of the species per pupa), with four replicates. Each block contained eight units of parasitism with 2 pupae of D. saccharalis in each. The females of the parasitoids, aged 24 to 48 hours, were released at the central point of the plots. Parasitism was allowed for 48 hours, and then the pupae were removed, identified, and taken to the laboratory to determine the occurrence or absence of parasitism. To evaluate the effectiveness of releasing these eulophid wasps in an area infested with T. arnobia, distinct areas were selected for each species, and two treatments were performed (Treatment 1: approximately 1,200 adult females at 4 points/hectare, with an average of 300 adult females per release point, and Treatment 2: Control area without release) in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates for each. The parasitoids were released before the emergence in D. saccharalis pupae, which were placed inside SOS kraft paper bags at a height of 1.5 m from the ground. Evaluations were conducted at 15, 30, and 45 days after release, observing the number of larvae per 100 leaves, number of pupae, number of parasitized pupae, number of adult pests, and defoliation index. As a result, it was found that 4 both T. bruni and T. pretiosum can parasitize and develop in eggs of I. panopla and C. includens. In I. panopla, the parasitism rate was high for both species, with an average percentage of 85.33% for T. bruni and 82.66% for T. pretiosum. T. bruni showed better development in C. includens compared to T. pretiosum, with higher parasitism percentage (53.66% and 40.33%, respectively), longer life cycle duration (11.0±0.0 days and 10.00±0.00 days, respectively), number of parasitized eggs (10.73±0.62 eggs and 8.06±0.62 eggs, respectively), and male longevity (7.20±0.50 days and 6.5±0.50 days, respectively). The average dispersal distance of T. bruni in the treatments was 4.93 m, with an average distribution area in the eucalyptus crop of 110.27 m², and adults were found in all evaluated treatments and dispersal radii, with higher frequency in the 25 m diameter radii. The parasitism of T. bruni on I. panopla eggs was 21.64%, with emergence in 100% of the eggs. For the eulophid wasps, the parasitism found in sentinel pupae of D. saccharalis for the released species densities was similar between treatments T2 and T5 (T. diatraeae: 19.69% and 24.17%, respectively; T. howardi: 42.7±1.04% overall mean, and P. elaeisis: 27.7±16.6% overall mean). The parasitism in T. arnobia pupae at 15 days was 24. 30% for T. diatraeae, 12.30% for T. howardi, and 12.53% for P. elaeisis, differing from the control areas. At 30 days, no infestation of T. arnobia was observed in the areas with releases of T. howardi and T. diatraeae, and there was a reduction in the population of this pest in the area with P. elaeisis release. At 45 days, the population of T. arnobia was practically zero in all three experiments. These results indicate that both T. bruni and T. pretiosum are capable of parasitizing and developing in eggs of I. panopla and C. includens, with some differences in performance between the species. This information is relevant for the development of biological control programs for I. panopla in commercial eucalyptus plantations, both in agricultural and forestry environments. This is the first record of T. bruni development in the host I. panopla under laboratory conditions. It was possible to confirm that T. bruni can disperse up to approximately 25 meters and locate, parasitize, and develop in eggs of I. panopla in eucalyptus plantations. The density of 1,200 individuals per hectare of T. diatraeae, T. howardi, and P. elaeisis is recommended for release in eucalyptus plantations with 5% to 10% defoliation, 1 to 5 larvae per 100 leaves, which is sufficient to reduce the population of T. arnobia. The results of this research provide support for the use of T. bruni, T. pretiosum, T. diatraeae, T. howardi, and P. elaeisis in biological control programs in eucalyptus forests.
Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Tipo: Tese2022-10-05T00:00:00ZDiversidade e abundância de insetos visitantes florais em Glycine max (L.) merril sob diferentes sistemas de produção
http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/5631
Título: Diversidade e abundância de insetos visitantes florais em Glycine max (L.) merril sob diferentes sistemas de produção
Autor(es): Santos, Joice Kellen Ventura dos
Primeiro Orientador: Fernandes, Marcos Gino
Abstract: Pollination is an essential ecosystem service for food production and conservation and maintenance of biodiversity. Soybean is relevant among cultures, as it covers 129 million hectares cultivated in a global area, in addition to being cultivated under various production systems. The objective of this work is to characterize the diversity and abundance of floral visitor insects in soybean crops in three different production systems: polyculture area (area 1), monoculture area (area 2) and production area adjacent to a forest fragment. (area 3). Active collection and sampling were carried out at intervals of two to four days, and, in each evaluation, sampling was carried out for a period of two hours, by two samplers. Then, the insects were mounted on entomological pins in the laboratory, for later identification. Species richness and abundance were calculated using the Shannon and Simpson index. The similarity between the analyzed environments (Sorensen and Jaccard index) and the correlation (Pearson) between the abundance of the most common insect species with precipitation and temperature were evaluated. Hymenoptera was the order with the highest species diversity, with a total of 14 species in area 1, 15 species in area 2 and 13 species in area 3, later Coleoptera with a total of 13 species in area 1 and 11 species in areas 2 and 3 The family with the highest number of species observed (six) was Vespidae, followed by Apidae (5 species) and the most abundant species were Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758) with 818 individuals corresponding to 14.8% of the total number of individuals (area 1= 400; area 2= 196 and area 3= 222) and Lagria villosa with 421, corresponding to 7.61% of the total number of individuals (area 1= 126; area 2= 125 and area 3= 145). Areas of study 1 (Polyculture) showed greater richness and abundance of floral visitors.
Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Tipo: Dissertação2023-04-11T00:00:00Z