Produtividade e rentabilidade de três clones de taro (Colocasia esculenta) cultivados em solo com quatro tipos de cama de frango

Abstract

The productivity of the taro is very variable due to the lack of knowledge of the genotypic characteristics and differences in the practices of planting, mainly with the use of organic residues incorporated in the soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and the agroeconomic productivity of plants of three clones of taro cultivated in soil with incorporation of chicken manure formed by four base residues. The factors studied were three clones of taro (Verde, Chinês and Macaquinho) and four types of chicken manure bases (cane bagasse, corn cob bran, old rice husk and new rice husk) added to the soil in the incorporated form, arranged in a 3x4 factorial scheme, in a randomized complete block design, with five repetitions. During the crop cycle the sprouting percentage, plant height, pseudo-stem diameter, number of leaves and SPAD index were evaluated, and at harvest, which was performed at 187 days after planting-DAP, the fresh masses were evaluated and dried leaves, corms and cormels as well as number, diameter and length of them. The costs of production and gross and net income were calculated. The taro plants of clone Chinês presented the highest sprouting percentage (99,99%), at 42 DAP. Those of the taro plants of clone Verde presented the maximum height (92,15 cm), at 150 DAP, when both were cultivated in soil with incorporation of chicken manure base of corn cob bran, the maximum diameter of the pseudo-stem (55,46 mm) was higher for the taro plants of clone Chinês at 97 DAP, independent of the base of the chicken manure, and, when grown on soil with the incorporation of chicken manure base de corn cob bran, the Chinês clone had the highest number of leaves (17,15), at 150 DAP and the taro plants of clone Macaquinho presented the minimum SPAD index (46,57), at 88 DAP. The highest fresh (39,21 t ha-1) and dry (8,95 t ha-1) mass yields of tradable cormels were obtained in the taro plants of clone Chinês when grown in soil with incorporation of chicken manure base of corn cob bran and old rice husk base, respectively. The lowest cost of production (R$ 17.449,02), the highest gross income (R $ 98.015,00) and net (R$ 80.565,98) were for the taro plants of clone Chinês when grown in soil with incorporation of chicken manure base of corn cob bran. It was concluded that, the use of the chicken manure base of corn cob bran, independently of the clones studied, provided higher growth of the taro plants and the higher yields of tradable cormels, gross and liquid incomes were obtained with the taro plants of clone Chinês cultivated in soil with incorporation of chicken manure base of corn cob bran.