Produtividade da soja em sucessão a gramíneas e oleaginosas no sistema plantio direto

Abstract

Soybean cultivation (Glycine max) is one of the most important crops in Brazil both in production volume and in the generation of foreign exchange, however, modern soybeans require the use of appropriate technologies for their growth, development and production. Autumn / winter oilseed crops and grasses are important plant breeding alternatives for crop rotation with soybeans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of the soybean crop M6410 sown in the summer on the straw of grasses and legumes. The research was started in September 2015 at the Experimental Farm of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Grande Dourados, located in the municipality of Dourados - MS. Soybean sowing occurred in the month of October and was harvested in February 2016. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with thirteen treatments and four replications. The treatments were composed by soybean sowing in succession to: fallow, corn (Zea mays L), corn + Brachiaria ruziziensis, white oats (Avena sativum), Brachiaria + hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), corn + hairy vetch, (Triticum estivum), corn + Crotalaria espectabilis, Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hoechst) and Niger (Guizotia abyssinica). The following production components were evaluated: plant height, first pod insertion, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant and productivity. The predecessor crop interferes with plant height, pod insertion height and soybean crop productivity. Soybeans successively sown corn, corn + Brachiaria, Brachiaria + hairy vetch, maize + Crotalaria spectabilis, Cártamo and Niger crops showed higher yields.