Estudo da degradação térmica do óleo e biodiesel de gergelim preto (Sesamum indicum L.) e nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L.) por técnicas espectroscópicas

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the thermal degradation of oils and biodiesels (methyl esters of fatty acids) black sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and forage turnip (Raphanus sativus L.). The degradation of oils and biodiesels was monitored by spectroscopic techniques and acid value. Samples were degraded in an oven at 110 ° C for 48 hours. The values for the acid number of the samples without degrading (0 h) was approximately 0.81 mgKOH /g and 0.06 mgKO /g respectively for the black sesame oil and biodiesel, since the values obtained for forage turnip oil and biodiesel were 0.35 mg KOH / g and 0.05 mg KOH / g, respectively. The results of acid value showed that both oils analyzed had higher acidity values than their respective biodiesels. The analysis by absorption spectroscopy in the visible ultraviolet possible to monitor the thermal degradation of oils and biodiesels in the region of 232 nm and 270 nm, related to the oxidation products so formed. The light absorption of the analyzed substance increased with time degradation of the samples in these two wavelengths. The fluorescence technique possible to observe that the oils and degraded in biodiesels unchanged light emission in the regions: the possible degradation products formed (424 nm) of α-tocopherol (322 nm) Chlorophyll (630 nm) in the region characteristic of conjugated tetraene derivatives degradation of the methyl esters (488 nm). Thus, through molecular spectroscopy, it is possible to monitor changes in physical and chemical characteristics of oils and biodiesels. To characterize the oils and biodiesels was used mid-infrared spectroscopy, however, this technique was not effective in monitoring the thermal degradation.