Biomonitoramento da qualidade do ar na Mesorregião Sudoeste de Mato Grosso do Sul: alterações mutagênicas e anatômicas em Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt Var. Purpurea

Abstract

The State of Mato Grosso do Sul is currently in a new phase in its economic structure. Previously, the main activity was agriculture, today the South-Mato Grosso economy has advanced in agriculture, ecotourism, pulp and sugar-alcohol production. One of the consequences of this diversified growth is the largest number of sources emitting pollutants, whether stationary or mobile. Thus, the harmful effects of atmospheric pollution on the health of the local population is a concern, which is necessary for the investigation and quantification of these effects in our environment. The objective of this work was to perform air biomonitoring of the urban area of nine cities located in the southwest mesoregion of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul: Amambai, Antônio João, Aral Moreira, Bela Vista, Coronel Sapucaia, Laguna Caarapã, Maracaju, Naviraí and Ponta Porã during the period from August 2015 to August 2016. Tradescantia pallida was used as a biosensor species through the Trad-MCN bioassay and analyzes of foliar anatomical parameters. The results showed that cities with higher vehicular flow intensities also present anatomical and mutagenic changes in T. pallida leaves. The stomatal index is lower when exposed in an environment of high vehicular flow, high temperature and altitude. The evaluated foliar tissues showed a tendency to thinning when exposed to vehicular traffic. We can infer a possible biological response to the reduction of tissue thickness and stomatal index as an adaptation to prevent the displacement of noxious gases within the leaf. The data collected in this study can aid in the urban and environmental planning of the cities involved, as well as contribute to future studies.