Mulheres e política institucional em Mato Grosso do Sul: a relação entre o social e o constitucional

Abstract

The present research is developed based on the analysis of the participation of women in institutional political positions, resulting from electoral lawsuits that have taken place throughout the history of State of Mato Grosso do Sul, from its inception, in 1979, until the 2018 elections. The central objective of the analyzes is to identify how the female representation in the institutional policy of M.S. has taken place, considering the data provided by the TRE/M.S., which deals with the number of women who participated as candidates and, of these, how many were elected in the various lawsuits and in different regions of the state, seeking to highlight where and when there were more elected, either in the municipal scope, as well as the lawsuits for state deputies, federal deputies, senators and governors. In order to base the analysis, we followed the changes in institutional policy, especially in a reading of Law 12.034/2009, which introduced the quotas for candidacies by gender, thus verifying the impacts of this law in electoral processes from 2012 until 2018. The analyzes focus on metamorphosis and on the ramifications of the patriarchal frameworks present in institutional politics, stressing how they maintain dominant order and institutional power away from women. But at the same time analyzes are directed under the political character of the feminist movement and other movements, through which women resist this historical process of domination, guiding rights and conquering public policies for social transformation; even in the face of advances and retreats. The methodology used in the research is qualitative and quantitative, developing a reading of the numbers presented by the Brazilian Higher Electoral Tribunal and the Regional Electoral Court of Mato Grosso do Sul, graphically exemplifying the participation of women in institutional politics. The techniques of the research are documentary and application of trend graphs,analyzed through Pearsons correlation. The directions pointed out by this research trace the curves of the underrepresentation of women in institutional politics in M.S., and patriarchy still structures this system through arrangements of the political racing, with predominance of male representation in institutional political power, creating difficulties for the increase in the number of women elected and kept under the aegis of party strategies, not even to circumvent women's quotas, making the "orangecandidates" appear. The low number of women in positions of institutional politics shows that in M.S. there is still the female under-representation, which is historical, maintained in this format during the almost forty years of state's establishment, making visible the inequality in this field, which weaken the democratic and representative state.