Crescimento inicial do angico preto [Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata (Benth.) Altschul] sob doses de calcário e ambientes luminosos

Abstract

The black angico [Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata (Benth.) Altschul, Fabaceae], a native species of the Cerrado, is used for replanting, recovery of degraded areas, is used for medicinal purposes. The aim was to study the development of A. peregrina seedlings as a function of cultivation on limestone substrates in two environments. The experiment was developed at the Medicinal Plants Garden of the Federal University of Grande Dourados, in Dourados - MS. Five doses of limestone (0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 t ha -1 ) and two environments, full sun and 50% shade were studied. The treatments were arranged in a factor scheme 5 x 2, on the caused blocks delineation, with four repetitions. The experimental unit consisted of five vessels, with one change per vessel. The substrate used was Distroferic Red Latosol (DRL) with clay texture, from the area under the Cerrado. During the cultivation cycle, plant height and stem diameter were evaluated; at the time of harvesting the seedlings, at 210 days after transplantation - DAT, the fresh and dry masses of the leaves, stems, roots, xylopods, leaf and root areas were evaluated, as well as the nutrient content of the leaves and substrates. The means of the data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and, when signif icant, the means were compared by the Student's t test, according to the environments and submitted to regression analysis, according to the doses of limestone, at 5% probability. The greatest survival of A. peregrina seedlings occurred in the environment under full light (85%). The highest growth in plant height was observed in the shadow environment (14.56 cm) and under 5 t ha -1 limestone. The largest fresh and dry leaf masses were observed in the shaded condition (mean of 1.71 and 0.86 g/plant -1 , respectively), regardless of the use of limestone. Under shading and with 5 t ha -1 of limestone, the plants of A. peregrina had the largest dry masses; at full sun, it was under 2 t ha -1 of limestone. The species of A. peregrina presents versatility of adaptation to environments of full sun and shade, adapting to the conditions. And its production of seedlings can be done using Cerrado soil as substrate without the use of limestone.