Abelhas visitantes das flores do girassol Helianthus annus Linnaeus (Asterales: Asteraceae) em Dourados MS, Brasil

Abstract

This paper has as in main objective to determine the floral visitors of Heliantus annus in the region of Dourados MS, to verify the influence of abiotic factors in the activities of visitation, the behavior of collection and its paper in the pollination and uprising on floral biology. The work was carried through the Experimentation Farm at Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), 22 14' 19” S and 54 59´49” O, in Dourados MS, from October of 2007 to March of 2009. It was tested the crossed pollination and measured the luminosity, the temperature, the speed of the wind and the relative humidity. The insects had been collected, identified and the results were submitted to statistical analyses (frequency, abundance, dominance, constancy, diversity) using not-parametric tests of Kruskal-Wallis, have tested U of Mann-Whitney, with level of significance α = 5% divided by the number of multiple comparisons, index of Shannon-Wiener, has tested t of Student e correlated with the abiotic factors for the rate of Sperman. They had been observed in the field, the behavior of the collected species. Apis mellifera was the most frequent species very abundant and constant e Bombus sp. the second most constant one. The schedule from 06:00. am to 10:00 am had presented the greater average of bees and minor average of speed of the wind (5,77 km/h). The periods of greater and minor diversity had been respectively from 11:00 am to 12:00 pm and from 06:00.am to 08:00am A. mellifera was the main visitor followed for Bombus sp. The abiotic factors had positive and negative correlations with the behavior of the showed bees. The native bees had presented low diversity, abundance and frequency comparing to A. mellifera and the kind of environment.