Fauna flebotomínea de fragmentos de mata e peridomicílios na área urbana de nova Andradina-MS e infecção natural por Leishmania

Abstract

The sand flies are widely distributed throughout the world. This insect group is of great interest in public health because their females are involved in the transmission of Leishmania, agents of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Forest fragments favor the maintenance of the life cycle of both, vector and agent, in nature. In Nova Andradina municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, some cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) have been notified. So the goal of this study was to identify the sand fly fauna and investigate the presence of species naturally infected by Leishmania of urban forest fragments and peridomiciles close to them in Nova Andradina. The insects were captured from November 2013 to January 2015, using CDC light traps distributed in three urban forest fragments. Parasitological examination was performed to investigate flagellates in sand fly guts and Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for identification of Leishmania spp. A total of 302 sand flies were captured (101 males and 201 females) of six genus and 11 species: Brumptomyia brumpti, Evandromyia cortelezzii, Evandromyia lenti, Evandromyia teratodes, Evandromyia termitophila, Nyssomyia neivai, Psathyromyia aragaoi, Psathyromyia bigeniculata, Psathyromyia campograndensis, Pintomyia christenseni and Sciopemyia sordellii. Only Ny. neivai is recognized as vector of cutaneous leishmanaisis agents in Southeast and South Brazilian regions, Paraguay and Argentina. Thus it may be linked to cases in Nova Andradina-MS. Br. brumpti was the most abundant and present in peridomiciles along with Ev. lenti, Ev. termitophila, Ny. neivai and Pi. christenseni. Although specimens were collected in nearly every month, their highest frequencies occurred during rainy periods, mainly for Br. brumpti, Sc. sordellii, Pi. christenseni and Ev. lenti. Of the 106 females dissected and placed in 55 pools, the presence Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis DNA was detected by PCR-RFLP in three species: Ev. lenti, Ev. teratodes and Sc. sordellii, as well as of Leishmania spp. in two females of Pi. christenseni and one of Sc. sordellii, resulting in a minimum infection rate of 5.66% for each taxon of Leishmania.