Abelhas e coleópteros visitantes de Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass (Compositae) associados às variáveis ambientais

Abstract

Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass is an oleaginous originally from Africa, which has aroused the interest of producers due to its use for the production of oil, mainly to produce biodiesel. The plant is also an alternative to compose the crop rotation system, with an excellent alternative for the winter season. this work aimed to study the fauna of bees and beetles associated with Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass (COMPOSITAE)).The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados in Dourados, MS, Brazil. The culture was mechanically sown in May 2010, it has began its flowering in July and remained blooming until the month of September of the same year, resulting in eleven weeks of collections. Samples were collected with entomological net by scanning method, once a week, in ten different points in the area, every two hours from 07:00 to 17:00 for eleven weeks of flowering, totaling six daily sampling, from July to September 2010. We evaluated the dominance parameters, abundance, frequency, constancy and performed a correlation analysis considering the presence and absence of individuals of the species in the sample as a function of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, for this was taken from the effect of time and period and the quantity of subjects were not evaluated. They were counted 1,095 individuals between bees and beetles. Bees represented 46.21% of the total, and Coleoptera 53.79%. The Order Hymenoptera, superfamily Apoidea, Apis mellifera and Geotrigona sp. They accounted for 93.48% of all honeybees culture. The times of highest visitation Apoidea was between 09:00 and 15:00 occurring in fewer 11:00 hours. The eudominantes Coleoptera were Diabrotica speciosa and Astylus variegatus, together accounted for 61.29% of all Coleoptera collected in culture. Beetles were found in greater numbers at 17:00 hours and fewer at the times of 11:00 am. Dominance analysis revealed that Geotrigona sp., A. mellifera, D. speciosa and A. variegatus were eudominantes and plentiful and Nitidulide sp.1 dominant. The evaluation of constancy identified A. mellifera, Phanomalopsis sp., Trigona spinipes and Geotrigona sp. as contained in schedules and in the weeks to collect and Halictini was constant in all collection times. Chrysomelinae sp.1, D. speciosa, Nitidulidae sp.1, Chrysopidae sp.1 and A. variegatus showed constancy in time and weeks of collection. The correlation analysis of environmental factors with the two bee species and two species of Coleoptera with greater abundance indicated that none of the environmental factors interfere with the activity of the four species analyzed.