A Arborização urbana em Glória de Dourados, MS: diagnóstico e propostas de intervenção

Abstract

Urban tree planting can be defined as the set of natural or cultivated tree vegetation of a city in particular and private areas, squares, parks and public roads. Trees play an important role in urban environment as they improve air, water, soil and climate quality, provide shade for pedestrians and vehicles, minimize the heat caused by heating the asphalt and raise the humidity of the air due to evapotranspiration. Planning, implementation and management of urban trees system are public services and should be done as a strategy to mitigate environmental impacts in the urban environment, considering also the ecological, historical, cultural, social, aesthetic and landscape aspects that influence the well-being of people. This work aimed to make a diagnosis of the urban trees of the main avenues and squares of Glória de Dourados city and, based on this, we elaborated two intervention proposals: an urban plantation guide and a municipal law about this subject. This work included the city main squares and avenues where a quali-quantitative assessment of the trees was carried out, including the botanical identification and the dendrological aspects related to the root system, trunk and crown, as well as tree health. Fifty people were interviewed to obtain users' perceptions about urban afforestation and the existing municipal legislation on the subject was raised, as well as the existence of plans, guides and manuals on urban afforestation in Brazilian municipalities. 647 trees belonging to 23 families and 41 botanical species were sampled. Sibipiruna (Caesalpinia pluviosa var. peltophoroides Benth., Fabaceae) and Oiti (Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch, Chrysobalanaceae) were the most important species in number of individuals, almost half of all individuals sampled. The main conflicts observed are related to the electrical and communication networks and the canopies, besides the roots with the public sidewalks. Most of the interviewed people considered the squares and avenues of Glória de Dourados city as reasonably forested and all recognized their importance to the urban quality of life.