Absorção de fósforo por plantas de soja, com o aumento do pH em latossolos argilosos

Abstract

To take better advantage of the P applied along the year and of the soil residual by the adequate use of lime, especially in soils cultivated and manured for many years, may be an economically viable practice, as lime is much less expensive than phosphate fertilizers, which may imply important increment in the profit margin for the farmer. Two experiments were carried out in green house at the College of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Dourados, Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, with the following objectives: to evaluate the effect of the increase in the soils pH and application of phosphate fertilizers and lime in the sowing lines in clayey latosoils with high fertility levels, on the availability of P in the soil and the accumulation of this element in soy bean plants ant to obtain values for the most adequate pH for the soy bean crop with respect to the absorption of P. The experimental design used was of randomized blocks, in 4x2x2 factorial scheme, with four repetitions, as follows: Four levels of pH (original pH of each soil 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0, in CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1), two doses of P (0 and 21.82 mg dm-3), and two doses of lime (0 and 100 mg dm-3) respectively for a red dystrophic Latosoil (LVd) from the southern highland plane, and red dystrophic Latosoil (LVdf) from Ponta Porã, in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In each experimental unit (4,0 dm-3 vase), four cv.BRS 133 soy bean plants was grown up till flower emergence. The following was evaluated: weight of dry matter, content of P in the aerial part of the plant and P remaining in the soil. The availability of P in the soil, evaluated by the content of P extract from the ion exchange resin, increased significantly with the pH of the soil. For the PVdf a significant interaction between pH and doses of P, was observed, with the P content of the soil increasing with pH and with the application of P. For LVd an interaction between pH and doses of lime applied in the sowing line was observed, and in its absence a tendency to an increase in the P content in the soil with pH was observed. The P remaining in the soil was significantly reduced by the increase in pH in both soils. In both experiments with increase of the pH of the soil an increase in the production of dry matter and accumulation of P in the aerial part of the plant was observed. In clayey latosoils and with high P content the increase in pH increases the availability of phosphorus, leading to a higher production of soy bean dry matter.