Plantio direto e sistema com escarificação nos atributos agronômicos da soja e milho

Abstract

The no tillage systems over time accumulate pressures, which may cause soil compaction, especially in regions where it occurs crops succession only, such as corn and soybeans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tillage system and scarification on the agronomic traits of soybean and corn crop in succession. The experiment was conducted at the UFGD experimental farm in completely randomized design with eighteen repetitions; the plots were the tillage of more than 10 years, and system with annual scarification before the summer crop (soybean). Data were analyzed by variance analysis and by Tukey test at 5% probability when significant with mean comparison. There was a significant difference only for corn yield. The geostatistic methods defined specific regions with higher compression levels (PR), enabling appropriate management. The tillage system provided the highest amount of dry matter, plant cover and showed greater resistance to penetration (PR) in the summer and winter seasons. The scarified system reduced the PR in the summer crop and its effect was still seen in the 0.10-0.20 meters soil layer during winter crop. Some agronomic traits as the amount of double spacing in soybeans, insertion height and corn yields were affected, and the chiseling system showed better results. Therefore, a greater effect of the PR on maize crop was observed, because of the reduced productivity in no-tillage system. The amount of brachiaria mass derived from intercropping brachiaria with maize showed no difference between tillage and chiseling systems.