Desempenho agronômico do cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) em função do controle químico da mancha de alternaria e da adubação com nitrogênio e enxofre

Abstract

The safflower presents culture as a growing option for the Centro-Oeste, as it has high oil content, considered healthy, and be viable cultivation in the autumn / winter period. In an attempt to present some results that could be the basis for the establishment of culture experiments were implemented to develop this work in order to evaluate the use of different chemical groups of fungicides in controlling alternaria spot and evaluation of culture nutritional terms with the use of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization. The experiments were conducted at the Fazenda Experimental de Ciências Agrárias (Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences (FCA – UFGD), in Dourados - MS, from March to July 2014. For experiment with fungicides the experimental adopted was a randomized block, arranged in a factorial design (3x3) + 1 (a control without application), totaling ten treatments, represented by the fungicides azoxystrobin, mancozeb and azoxystrobin/cyproconazole, with one, two and three applications each. For experimet with nitrogen and sulfur the experimental adopted was randomized block in arranged in a factorial design (5x4) with five levels of sulfur (zero, 20, 40, 80 kg ha-1) in combination with four levels of nitrogen (zero, 40, 80, 120 kg ha-1) with three replications. For different chemical groups of fungicides used no changes were observed for the characteristics number of branches, number of chapters per plant, number of grains per chapter (granados and voids), dry matter, thousand grain weight, nitrogen content and protein in grains. Productivity (kg ha-1), the oil content (%) and oil yield (kg ha-1), were influenced by the interaction number of applications x fungicides, especially as more productivity two azoxystrobin fungicide applications 772.67 kg ha-1 and also with the highest oil yield with 272.18 kg ha-1. Significant effects of fertilization with nitrogen and sulfur were introduced for agronomic traits, dry matter and mass of thousand grains, grain yield and oil yield and nitrogen content and foliar sulfur. Higher yields and oil yields were obtained with the application of 0 kg ha-1 N, regardless of the S dose applied with 879,77 kg ha-1 e 251,58 kg ha-1 respectively.