Silagem de planta inteira de soja: tempo de armazenamento, inoculante microbiano e ácidos orgânicos

Abstract

Forages conserved in the form of silage have been widely used in animal feed and the quality of these conserved foods has been, for some time, one of the main challenges for farmers and researchers. The whole soybean plant (Glycine max L.), has characteristics that hinder its silage exclusively, requiring the use of additives. However, the effect of additives at different storage times may differ on the quality of the silage. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effects of the addition of bacterial inoculant and organic acids and storage time on fermentative losses, chemical composition, aerobic stability, microbiology, fermentative profile and in situ degradability of the whole soybean plant silage. The soybean cultivar GMX CANCHEIRO RR was harvested at the R7 stage and 120 experimental silos were used, with 4 treatments and 6 opening times (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days), composed of a polyethylene bucket (30 cm in diameter and 30 cm high). The treatments were: 1- CON (without additives), 2 - INO (4g / ton Lactobacillus plantarum: 4x1010 cfu / g + Propionibacterium acidipropionici: 2.6x1010 cfu / g Kera SIL grão úmido, Kera Nutricao Animal, Bento Goncalves, Brazil) , 3- AcF (inclusion of 2ml / kg of organic acid mixture 35-45% formic acid; 15-45% propionic acid; 15- 20% sodium formate); 4 - AcP (inclusion of a mixture of organic acid 2ml / kg of natural matter 50-60% propionic acid; 15-20% formic acid; 1-5% sodium propionate, 5% 1- glycerol propionate; 15 -25% glycerol) ProMyr™ TMR The data were subjected to analysis of variance using PROC MIXED (version 9.3, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). The INO treatment, increased the loss by gas (% DM), the concentration of N-NH3, but decreased the count of fungi and molds in relation to the CON treatment. In the treatments AcP and AcF there was a reduction in pH, and in the concentrations of acetate, propionate and N-NH3, in relation to CON and INO. In addition, organic acid-based additives decreased DM losses, increasing DM recovery, PB and CNF content, with an increase in the effective DM degradability of whole plant soybean silage treated with organic acids. At 30, 60 and 90 days of storage, there is greater variation in fermentation products, with greater activity of deteriorating microorganisms also occurring. The use of the additives AcF and AcP improves the quality of the silage of the whole soybean plant, regardless of the storage time.