Caracterização química e atividades biológicas da Hancornia speciosa Gomes

Abstract

Hancornia speciosa Gomes is a fruit tree, popularly known as mangabeira and widely distributed throughout Brazil. The leaves of this plant are used in folk medicine for different medicinal applications. Thus, the objective of this study was to perform the physicochemical characterization, to identify the lipophilic antioxidants, fatty acids and phenolic compounds, to determine the microbiological quality and safety of the leaves of Hancornia speciosa Gomes, as well as to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antimutagenic activities and inhibition of enzymes related to neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, obesity and diabetes of the ethanolic extract of the H. speciosa (EEHS) leaves. Chemical analyzes were performed by colorimetry, gas-liquid chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC / MS). The total number of colonies of aerobic mesophiles, molds and yeasts were determined. The quantification of total coliforms and Escherichia coli was carried out using the SimPlates kit, and sulfide-reducing Clostridium spores, using the Sulfite-Agar method of polymyxin-sufadiazine. The Salmonella spp. was performed by the 1-2 Test. Among the biological activities of the EEHS evaluated, the antimicrobial was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericide and fungicide and by zone of inhibition of growth. Kasumi-1 leukemic cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxic action and mechanisms involved in cell death. The antioxidant activity was investigated by the method of inhibiting oxidative hemolysis induced by 2,2'- azobis (2-amidinopropane) in human erythrocytes. The antimutagenic activity was determined by the Ames test and the activities of the inhibition of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, hyaluronidase, lipase, α- amylase and α-glycosidase were evaluated and compared to commercial controls. Together, the results guarantee the quality, microbiological safety and demonstrate the presence of carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and phenolic compounds in the leaves of H. speciosa, as well as antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antimutagenic, antiobesity and antihyperglycaemic activities of the EEHS.