Estudos agronômicos do niger (Guizotia abyssinica), em função da adubação e da época de semeadura

Abstract

At the present time, more than 25 counties have been produced biodiesel from seeds of oleaginous plants. However, the main difficulty in increasing the numbers of species for biodiesel production is due to poor knowledge of cultivation. Niger (Guizotia abyssinica) is an african native plant from the regions between Etiópia e Malawi. Níger seeds has 30-40% oil, which is used to feeding and production of paints and soaps. The niger pie, that has 17-19% protein, it's used to animal feed after oil extraction. In Brasil, its use is mainly restricted to the feeding birds. The objective of this research is evaluate niger’s answer fertilization at different levels of phosphorus and potassium and evaluate the agronomic performance of culture under different sowing dates. The two researches were conducted in the Experimental Farm of FCA-UFGD, located in Dourados, MS. The design adopted in the experiment of fertilization was a randomized block, in a factorial scheme 4x4. The treatments consisted of four doses of P2O5 (zero, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1) and four doses of K2O (zero, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1), with four repetitions. Monoammonium phosphate (MAP) was used as Phosphorus source and as and as source of potassium potassium chloride (KCl). And the experiment of sowing dates was accomplished in the year 2011, using the randomized block design, with seven sowing periods, fourteen days spaced from each other, on days 26/01, 09/02, 23/02, 09/03, 23/03, 06/04 and 20/04 in 2011, with four repetitions. The highest productivity was obtained in the interaction K2O x 0 Kg ha-1 of P2O5, at a dose of 180 Kg ha-1 de K2O. The oil content in grain was not influenced by phosphate fertilization, and in some treatments there was a decrease in oil content due to the increase of potassium. Seeding on April 6 resulted in higher productivity of niger seeds. The content of nitrogen, protein and oil were not affected by sowing periods.