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Lutzomyia (lutzomyia) almerioi (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae): ciclo biológico e competência vetorial para Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis

2026-01-17T04:06:06Z

Título: Lutzomyia (lutzomyia) almerioi (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae): ciclo biológico e competência vetorial para Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Autor(es): Santos , Kleiton Maciel dos Primeiro Orientador: Galati , Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Abstract: ____________________ Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese

Eficiência de fungos entomopatogênicos no controle de moscas das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) e gorgulho-da-goiaba (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em plantio comercial de goiabeira Psidium guajava L. 1753 (Myrtaceae)

2025-10-04T05:10:21Z

Título: Eficiência de fungos entomopatogênicos no controle de moscas das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) e gorgulho-da-goiaba (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em plantio comercial de goiabeira Psidium guajava L. 1753 (Myrtaceae) Autor(es): Oliveira, Inessa Steffany Torres de Primeiro Orientador: Loureiro, Elisângela de Souza Abstract: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea) and the guava weevil Conotrachelus psidii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are considered the main pests of Psidium guajava fruits. Faced with increasing restrictions on the use of chemical products, due to toxicity to human health and insect resistance to insecticides, the search for sustainable alternatives for pest control has intensified. It is emphasized that the control of insect pests in guava cultivation is essential for its economic viability. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate, in a commercial guava plantation, the action of two registered bioinsecticides Metarril®, active ingredient Metarhizium anisopliae, and Boveril®, active ingredient Beauveria bassiana), in the control of emergent of Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Conotrachelus psidii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in soil sprayed with the fungi entomopathogenic. The two experiments were conducted in a commercial guava tree orchard, located in the district of Santa Terezinha, Itaporã, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. To facilitate pest species contact with the fungi, each inoculum was incorporated into water containing a compatible adjuvant and sprayed onto the soil surface every seven days. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with 7 treatments and 4 replications, totaling 28 plots. Each plot was represented by a single plant. The treatments used were: Control (T), Metarril® with 1 application (Ma 1), Boveril® with 1 application (Bb 1), Metarril® with 2 applications (Ma 2), Boveril® with 2 applications (Bb 2), Metarril® with 3 applications (Ma 3), and Boveril® with 3 applications (Bb 3). The fungi were applied to the soil as a suspension, with varying numbers of applications, and the emergence of adults was monitored in cages. Newly emerged fruit fly and guava weevil adults were collected and transported to the Frugivorous Insects Laboratory at the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados. Mortality data were subjected to Bayesian analysis (using Jamovi, Jasp, and R software). Control efficiency was calculated using Abbott's formula. For fruit flies: Both fungi were efficient, causing mortality of fruit flies. Metarhizium anisopliae demonstrated superiority in mortality over the control (BF₁₀ = 6.63), and B. bassiana also showed higher mortality (BF₁₀ = 1.65). Three applications showed strong evidence of superiority compared to no application (BF₁₀ = 6.19). However, comparisons between 1, 2, and 3 applications did not reveal statistically strong differences in mortality (BF₁₀ < 1). The highest control efficiency for M. anisopliae was 53.9% with 1 application. For B. bassiana, the highest efficiency was 50.6%, achieved with 2 and 3 applications. The efficiency of the fungi was lower in 2021 compared to 2022. For the guava weevil, both fungi were more effective than the control. B. bassiana stood out with very strong evidence of superiority over the control (BF₁₀ = 33.69). M. anisopliae was also effective, but with weaker evidence over the control (BF₁₀ = 1.59). Bayesian evidence for a substantial difference between the fungi was anecdotal (BF₁₀ = 1.31 for B. bassiana vs. M. anisopliae), indicating that both are viable, with B. bassiana numerically superior. There was no strong statistical evidence of difference in efficacy between 1, 2, or 3 applications among themselves (BF₁₀ < 1). The comparison between the control and 3 applications showed the strongest evidence (BF₁₀ = 3.86). In terms of efficiency, 2 and 3 applications of B. bassiana provided the highest efficiency (73.3%). M. anisopliae achieved its highest efficiency (58.6%) with only one application. Both fungi, M. anisopliae and B. bassiana, demonstrated potential to control both the species of fruit flies and the guava weevil, with adult mortality being influenced by the type of fungus and by the number of applications. Soil-based control with entomopathogenic fungi of these newly emerged pests species is viable in the field, constituting a tool for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in fruit growing. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese

Moscas frugívoras (Diptera: lonchaeidae), hospedeiros e parasitoides (Hymenoptera) em floresta nativa e área urbana no Paraguai

2025-07-01T05:16:34Z

Título: Moscas frugívoras (Diptera: lonchaeidae), hospedeiros e parasitoides (Hymenoptera) em floresta nativa e área urbana no Paraguai Autor(es): Coêlho Sobrinho, João Batista Primeiro Orientador: Uchoa-Fernandes, Manoel Araécio Abstract: The Cerro Corá National Park (PNCC), a fully protected area and the agroforestry farms assessed, are located in the Amambay Department, Paraguay. They are home to a great diversity of animals, especially of the Class Insecta, and plants. Insects represent the most biodiverse group of animals on Earth. The Order Diptera include the superfamily Tephritoidea, with eight Families and Lonchaeidae stands out as an important group, popularly known as fruit flies. Lonchaeids represent one of the main phytosanitary problems in fruit growing, as some species are considered key pests on several fruit and vegetable species. In this context, the aims of this research are: 1- Taxonomically identify the diversity of Lonchaeidae species; 2- Evaluate the levels of infestation of loncheids in fruit trees; 3- Analyze the trophic interactions between loncheids, host fruits and their parasitoids in native forests and agroforestry backyards (urban area) in Paraguay. Fruit sampling and collection of Lonchaeidae species and natural enemies were carried out biweekly, from March 2021 to February 2023 in the PNCC area and in the urban environment of Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay. In total, 56 species of fruit plants were sampled. Sixteen fruit trees were infested by Lonchaeidae species: Eugenia myrcianthes, Campomanesia guazumifolia, Campomanesia sessiflora, Campomanesia adamantium, Myrciarea floribunda, Plinia rivularis, Randia ferox, Psidium guajava, Ocotea corymbosa, Duguetia furfuracea, Andira humilis, Eriobotrya japonica, Inga laurina, Malpighia punicifolia, Persea americana and Spondias purpurea. Thirteen species of Neosilba (Lonchaeidae) were associated with their hosts: Neosilba batesi, N. certa, N. distospinosa, N. glaberrima, N. inesperata, N. ilheuense, Neosilba aff. paramerolatus, N. pantanense, N. perezi, N. pendula, N. pseudobifida, N. spiculata and N. zadolicha. Parasitoidism occurred by two species of Figitidae: Lopheucoila anastrephae on Neosilba spp. larvae in two hosts: I. laurina and P. guajava; Aganaspis nordlanderi on Neosilba spp. larvae infesting I. laurina pods. These are the first records of Neosilba species in fruits of Campomanesia sessiliflora, O. corymbosa and Neosilba ilheuense in R. ferox fruits. This research contributes to the knowledge of the diversity and distribution of fruit flies in Paraguay. This is the first inventory of Lonchaeids that established tritrophic interactions between host fruit species and parasitoids in an Integral Conservation Unit and an Urban Area (agroforestry backyards) in Paraguay. There is an urgent need for research into biodiversity in Paraguay, especially on fruit flies, as native vegetation is under heavy human suppression (deforestation and burning) to increase agroforestry activities. This research was divided into two chapters, the first: Biodiversity of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritoidea): interactions with host plants in a Conservation Unit in Paraguay and the second: Diversity of frugivorous Lonchaeidae (Diptera, Brachycera, Tephritoidea), host plants and parasitoids (Hymenoptera) from urban areas in Paraguay. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese

Scarabaeinae (Coleptera: scarabaeidae): de comunidades amazônicas brasileiras a metaanálise comunitária global

2025-05-27T05:22:04Z

Título: Scarabaeinae (Coleptera: scarabaeidae): de comunidades amazônicas brasileiras a metaanálise comunitária global Autor(es): Costa, Aquirya Pinheiro Primeiro Orientador: Raizer, Josué Abstract: We investigated the metacommunity structure in three areas (forest, reforestation and pasture) in the Amazon biome in Cotriguaçu, Mato Grosso. To evaluate the effects of five predictor variables: a) area size, b) pH, c) phosphorus, d) aluminum, e) soil textual class, on Scarabaeina communities, and we considered a Generalized Linear Model with Quasi-Poisson distribution (GLM ). A total of 21,271 individuals were collected, 65 species from the Ateuchini, Coprini, Deltochilini, Canthonini, Phanaenini, Dichotomiini and Oniticellini tribes. The most abundant species were Canthonhistrio with 5,331 individuals (23%), Canthonaffsimulans with 3,467 individuals (15%), Onthophagusaffhirculus with 3,253 individuals (14%) and Onthophagusaffhaematopus with 2,033 individuals (9%). Of the total number of individuals, 52% are paracoprid, 43% telecoprid and 5% endocoprid. The endocoprid guild is affected by soil pH, occurring in greater abundance in acidic soils. The tunneling guild responds distinctly to soil textural classes preferring a low phosphorus level. The Paracoprid guild was not significantly influenced by any of the analyzed predictors, suggesting that there are other process-generating factors influencing richness and abundance. In addition to the predictive variables investigated, other factors such as inter and intraspecific competition can also affect the structure, composition, diversity and abundance of Scarabaeinae in environments, which deserve further investigation. In the systematic review, the largest area of research concentration was entomology (125). Among the countries and authors that most published articles on the Scarabaeinae community between 1977 and 2022, Brazil stood out in first place with 127 publications, with Vaz-de-Mello FZ being the Brazilian author with the highest number of articles (29). The factors identified with potential to influence the structure of scarab beetle communities are: attraction to baits, pasture, management, agriculture and forestry, ecological restoration, urbanization, among others. For meta-analysis, it was not possible to analyze all factors due to the high value of heterogeneity between studies. Of the 300 articles selected for systematic review, several variables that affect the community structure of Scarabaeinae were addressed, as mentioned above. As these are continuous data, where the regression indices are many variables (r, r², F, t and z with different degrees of freedom), only 39 articles were eligible for the meta-analysis. The regression indices (r², F, t and z) and the sample size (n) of each study were extracted. The statistical indices were converted to the correlation coefficient (r). The effect of land use on Scarabaeinae richness was smaller in pastures compared to forest fragmentation, fire, ecotourism, monoculture, regeneration, urban area and degraded areas, however the authors emphasized that there was a change in species composition between areas which can trigger a negative effect on the ecological functions performed by these beetles. Most studies focused on pastures, which made it difficult to more accurately analyze the other categories, generating a knowledge gap. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese