http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/199 2026-02-05T01:21:43Z 2026-02-05T01:21:43Z Silva , Robervaldo Soares da http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6787 2026-01-22T04:06:55Z 2025-10-03T00:00:00Z

Título: Dinâmica de formas de fósforo em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico psamítico sob efeito de calagem e adubação fosfatada, em área de expansão de cana-de-açúcar Autor(es): Silva , Robervaldo Soares da Primeiro Orientador: Alovisi, Alessandra Mayumi Tokura Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for the development and productivity of sugarcane, but its natural availability in tropical soils is limited due to the parent material and its high fixation capacity, which compromises crop nutrition. Sugarcane is one of Brazil's main agricultural commodities and finds favorable conditions for expansion in the Central-West region. However, the costs of amendments and fertilizers are high, and inadequate doses, sources, and application methods can limit agronomic and economic efficiency. In this context, management strategies such as liming, gypsum application, and corrective phosphate fertilization, combined with different incorporation methods, can contribute to improving nutrient availability and crop productivity. This study aimed to evaluate, under field conditions, the effects of liming, gypsum application and corrective phosphate fertilization, applied in different ways and at different depths, on soil phosphorus fractions, mineral nutrition and sugarcane productivity. The experiment was conducted on a psammitic Dystrophic Red Latosol in the municipality of Juti, Mato Grosso do Sul, using a randomized block design with split-plot and sub-split-plot arrangements. Management systems involving combinations of lime and gypsum rates and incorporation methods, different corrective phosphorus rates, and fertilizer sources applied in the planting furrow were evaluated. Soil and leaf samples were collected at different times, and soil P fractions, foliar P content, stalk yield (SHP), and sugar yield (SHP) were evaluated. The results showed that corrective phosphorus fertilization alone was not capable of increasing foliar P content to sufficient levels in either the cane plant or the first ratoon crop, demonstrating the strong phosphorus fixation in tropical soils. The average values remained below the range considered adequate (≥1.8–2.0 g kg⁻¹), characterizing persistent nutritional deficiency. Despite this, sugarcane and sugar productivity were significantly influenced by the management systems. The Traditional C system, which included more intensive soil preparation with deep plowing, harrowing, fractional liming, and gypsum application, promoted higher yields in the first harvest, regardless of the phosphorus corrective doses. This result was attributed to better incorporation and distribution of correctives and fertilizers, greater availability of Ca²⁺ and SO₄²⁻, reduced acidity and Al³⁺ toxicity, and improved root environment. In the first ratoon crop, a positive effect was observed from the combination of deep tillage (Traditional C) and localized fertilization with a soluble phosphorus source, resulting in greater tillering, vegetative vigor, and sucrose accumulation, reflected in gains in TCH and TAH. These results indicate that the productive response of sugarcane depends not only on the amount of phosphorus applied, but also on the application method and the chemical and physical conditions of the soil that favor nutrient uptake. Overall, it was concluded that phosphorus deficiency was consistent across all years and treatments, but productivity was more sensitive to integrated soil fertility management than to the isolated application of P amendments. Strategies that combined liming, gypsum application, deep tillage, and localized fertilization proved more effective in enhancing nutrient uptake and sustaining sugarcane productivity. These results reinforce the need for integrated, medium-term management to overcome the low phosphorus availability in highly weathered tropical soils, ensuring greater efficiency in the use of inputs and the sustainability of sugarcane fields. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese

2025-10-03T00:00:00Z Dorneles, Luana do Nascimento Silveira http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6786 2026-01-21T04:06:26Z 2022-07-02T00:00:00Z

Título: Secagem e armazenamento de folhas de guaçatonga (Casearia sylvestris Swartz var. língua): caracterização de folhas e extratos aquosos Colina natural na nutrição de frangos de corte Autor(es): Dorneles, Luana do Nascimento Silveira Primeiro Orientador: Goneli, André Luís Duarte Abstract: Casearia sylvestris Swartz var. língua, popularly known as guaçatonga, has anti inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, anti-arthritic, cardiotonic, anti-obesic properties, among other medicinal characteristics.Medicinal plants, when collected, need to be dried and stored correctly, in order to preserve the quality of the chemical constituents present, allowing their use for long periods in addition to maintaining their therapeutic action. However, despite being essential steps for the conservation of plant material, when not carried out correctly, they can lead to the degradation of compounds of medicinal interest. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Physical Properties of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados and CERNA Laboratory, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul. Freshly harvested guaçatonga leaves were dried in an experimental dryer at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC and drying air speeds of 0.4 and 0.8 m s-1. Mathematical models traditionally used to estimate the drying curves of agricultural products were fitted to the drying data. The water reduction rate, the effective diffusion coefficient, the activation energy and the influence of drying temperatures on the color and medicinal characteristics were also determined, which were determined by the total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and potential antioxidant. The storage was carried out after drying the leaves for 180 days in different types of packaging, and every 60 days the effect of storage time and the type of packaging on the color and chemical composition of the leaves were evaluated. For the analysis of the chemical composition, the aqueous extract obtained from the dried leaves of C. sylvestris was used. For drying, the results allowed us to conclude that: the Midilli model satisfactorily represented the drying curves of the leaves; the increase in temperature and drying air velocity resulted in an increase in the water reduction rate and in the values of the effective diffusion coefficient; the increase in drying air speed promotes an increase in the magnitudes of activation energy; the increase in temperature and drying air speed resulted in a decrease in the total levels of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and DPPH.There was an influence of drying temperatures as well as the storage period on the color of dry leaves when compared to fresh leaves. The drying and storage processes evaluated maintained the leaf quality standards and chemical composition throughout the evaluation period. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese

2022-07-02T00:00:00Z Diallo, Mamadou Cellou Abdoulaye http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6731 2025-11-30T04:17:28Z 2025-09-15T00:00:00Z

Título: Morfologia e produtividade de capins tropicais sobressemeados com aveias com e sem irrigação Autor(es): Diallo, Mamadou Cellou Abdoulaye Primeiro Orientador: Gomes, Eder Pereira Abstract: Irrigation of pastures can be a strategy to improve the quality and productivity of tropical grasslands; however, its long-term benefits remain little studied. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the productive and morphological characteristics of Cynodon dactylon cv. Tifton 85, Urochloa brizantha cv. Mg-5, and Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça, overseeded with Avena sativa L. cv. IPR Esmeralda and Avena strigosa Schreb. cv. Iapar 61, under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, with an application intensity (AI) of 2.14 mm h-1, over two years. The experiment was conducted from May 15 to November 10, 2022 (Year 1) and from May 15 to November 10, 2023 (Year 2), at the Experimental Irrigation Area of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD). A randomized block design was used, with tropical grasses overseeded with oats, under irrigated and non-irrigated systems, for two consecutive years. The following variables were evaluated: total forage production, morphological characteristics (forage accumulation rate, canopy height, leaf-to-stem ratio, and senescent material percentage), and nutritional attributes (crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD)). The results presented across the three chapters of this thesis demonstrate that irrigation led to significant increases in total dry matter yield, with average increments of 77.97%, 44.59%, and 133.96%, depending on the species. Irrigation also promoted distinct responses in the leaf-to-stem ratio and in the percentage of senescent material in the grasses. The increased forage accumulation rate (FAR) under irrigation resulted in an average yield of 18.32 Mg ha-1 with irrigation and 10.16 Mg ha-1 without irrigation. Among the species, Tifton 85 was the most productive, followed by Mg-5 and Mombaça, with average dry matter yields of 15.31, 13.96, and 13.47 Mg ha-1, respectively. Studies indicated a reduction in the percentage of senescent material under irrigation, with values of 2.88% and 5.73% in irrigated systems versus 4.82% and 8.11% in non-irrigated systems. Tifton 85 produced more dry matter compared to the other grasses, with increases of 1.98% over MG-5 and 17.00% over Mombaça. The highest leaf-to-stem ratio (LSR) values were observed in the second year (2.86 vs. 3.75), with greater gains under irrigation (3.36 vs. 3.24). The highest LSR was found in Mombaça grass (3.74), decreasing by 8.41% in Mg-5 and 38.52% in Tifton 85. Crude protein (CP) contents did not show significant variations as a function of irrigation. Overseeding with Avena sativa L. cv. IPR Esmeralda and Avena strigosa Schreb. cv. Iapar 61 stood out by significantly increasing productivity and crude protein levels, improving forage nutritional quality by up to 20%. However, differences among grasses were observed: Tifton 85 had the highest CP content (15.54%), corresponding to 8.37% and 13.60% higher protein levels compared to Mg-5 and Mombaça, respectively. Integration of evidence from Chapters 1, 2, and 3 indicates that neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were not significantly affected by irrigation, although differences of 2.77, 2.46, and 2.51 percentage points were observed between irrigated (IR) and non-irrigated (NIR) treatments in areas overseeded with oats, for Tifton 85, Mg-5, and Mombaça, respectively. In summary, the chapters of this thesis highlight that the interaction among water management, overseeding, and grazing constitutes an efficient strategy to intensify forage production in tropical regions, promoting greater productive efficiency, improved animal performance, and sustainability of production systems. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese

2025-09-15T00:00:00Z Ramos, Jéssica Celeste Mônico http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6709 2025-11-11T04:16:32Z 2025-04-10T00:00:00Z

Título: Curva de viabilidade, crescimento in vitro e potencial ornamental de Ionopsis utricularioides (Sw.) Lindl. Autor(es): Ramos, Jéssica Celeste Mônico Primeiro Orientador: Sorgato, José Carlos Abstract: The production of native orchids is one of the factors that can contribute to the reduction of extractivism. This study aimed to contribute to the appreciation and preservation of the native flora of the orchid Ionopsis utricularioides (Sw.) Lindl. by evaluating the storage period, predictive testing, the use of biostimulants as supplements in the culture medium, and the identification of the species' ornamental characteristics. To achieve the proposed objective, three independent experiments were conducted: I - Prediction curve for Ionopsis utricularioides (Sw.) Lindl. seeds via tetrazolium test: The aim was to improve the tetrazolium test method for I. utricularioides seeds and determine the longevity of these seeds by constructing a prediction curve. Eighteen seed samples from three different fruits were weighed and subsequently subjected to two distinct conditions: 1- without imbibition in distilled water: half of the tubes received 3 mL of an aqueous solution of 2,3,5-triphenyl chloride tetrazolium chloride (0.5%) for 24 h; 2- with imbibition in distilled water: the other half received 3 mL of distilled water for 24 h. After analysis in tetrazolium solution, the seed suspensions were kept in the dark for 24 h at room temperature and evaluated for the number of seeds with completely carmine-stained embryos (viable), partially stained, colorless, and devoid of embryos (nonviable). This evaluation was performed every 30 days for four months. For seeds of the species I. utricularioides, prior soaking in distilled water is recommended for the tetrazolium test, as this procedure facilitates the identification of viable seeds. II - Moringa extract on the in vitro growth and development of Ionopsis utricularioides (Sw.) Lindl.: This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera extract in the culture medium on the in vitro growth of I. utricularioides. The culture medium used was MS medium, supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose and gelled with 7.0 g L-1 bacteriological agar. This medium was used as a control, and for the other treatments, the media were supplemented as follows: 2) MS supplemented with 50 g L-1 moringa extract = 50; 3) DM with 100 g L-1 of moringa extract = 100; 4) DM with 150 g L-1 of moringa extract = 150; and 5) DM with 200 g L-1 of moringa extract = 200. Light conditions were provided by 3000K LED lamps under an irradiance of 43 µmol m-2s-1. At 180 days (in vitro), from the experimental period, survival, number of pseudobulbs, number of leaves, number of roots, plant height, length of the largest leaf, length of the largest root, and fresh weight were evaluated. The use of 50 g L⁻¹ of M. oleifera extract as a natural biostimulant in the culture medium showed promise for in vitro cultivation of Ionopsis utricularioides. These conditions favor plant survival and growth. III – Ornamental potential of Ionopsis utricularioides (Sw.) Lindl.: This study aimed to describe the vegetative and floral morphological characteristics of I. utricularioides, analyzing its ornamental potential. To achieve the proposed objective, eight individuals with flower buds were used. The evaluated characteristics were the following: plant length (mm), plant diameter (mm), number of pseudobulbs per plant, pseudobulb diameter (mm), leaf length (mm), number of inflorescences per plant, inflorescence length (mm), inflorescence diameter (mm), number of flowers per floral rush, floral rush length (mm), number of uncovered flowers per inflorescence per day, inflorescence durability (days), flower durability (days), and brightness. At the end of the experimental period, it was concluded that the species I. utricularioides has high ornamental potential for use in ornamental horticulture, due to its attributes, such as plant architecture, density period, coloration, size, and inflorescence durability. With the results obtained in the three experiments, obtained from the prediction of seeds over time, the supplementation of the culture medium with moringa extract, and the characterization of the ornamental potential of the species, can contribute to the valorization and conservation of the scientific native species. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese

2025-04-10T00:00:00Z