DSpace Coleção:http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/5132023-11-23T22:41:01Z2023-11-23T22:41:01ZAtributos químicos e físicos de solos de referência e sua relação com a fragilidade ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Ivinhema - MSCassol, Cleidimar Joãohttp://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/57892023-10-25T22:56:50Z2022-02-07T00:00:00ZTítulo: Atributos químicos e físicos de solos de referência e sua relação com a fragilidade ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Ivinhema - MS
Autor(es): Cassol, Cleidimar João
Primeiro Orientador: Arruda, Eduardo José de
Abstract: The advance of the agricultural frontier is growing in the Cerrado Biome, motivated by the production of meat and grains for export. Deforestation causes environmental concern, and in some regions of the Cerrado Biome they have already exceeded the limits for conversion of land use, and should be considered priority areas for carrying out environmental studies and monitoring. In this sense, aimed of this research was to evaluate chemical and physical attributes of reference soils and their relationship with environmental fragility in the Ivinhema River Basin, Mato Grosso do Sul. For this purpose, 62 soil samples were defined, representative of the geological and pedological units of the basin, in remnants of native vegetation. Deformed and undisturbed samples were collected to determine chemical and physical attributes in the laboratory. The results showed a great variety of soils inside the basin, whose natural fertility was high for the Leptsol, Regosol, and Nitisol soils, and low for the Argiluvic Plinthosol, Petroplinthic Plinthosol, and Planosol soils. The texture of the analyzed soils ranged from sandy to clayey, with particle size heterogeneity even within the same textural class. The predominance of medium sand and fine sand and, to a lesser extent, very fine sand, enables high particle adjustment capacity. Sandy soils associated with sandstone formations confer greater fragility to the environment when compared to basaltic clayey soils under similar environmental conditions. The fragility analysis showed that about 17,977 km2 or 47.7% of the area is composed of low potential fragility, associated with clayey soils and low slope (0 - 3%). The anthropic factor favors the increase of environmental fragility in the studied area, because, with the insertion of land use and land cover, high environmental fragility stood out in 16,795 km2 or 44.6% of the basin, especially with agriculture as the largest coverage found in the bowl. The data shown in research can fill the gaps of knowledge and/or for adapting conservation practices of agricultural soils that are more susceptible to erosive processes, as well as for environmental control and monitoring bodies and/or studies of area recovery and maintenance of soil fertility.
Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Tipo: Tese2022-02-07T00:00:00ZFitoecologia e avaliação de técnicas de restauração na transição savana-floresta decidual sobre gradiente topográfico na Serra da BodoquenaZavala, Carmen Beatriz Reisshttp://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/57052023-09-14T06:44:13Z2020-04-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: Fitoecologia e avaliação de técnicas de restauração na transição savana-floresta decidual sobre gradiente topográfico na Serra da Bodoquena
Autor(es): Zavala, Carmen Beatriz Reiss
Primeiro Orientador: Pereira, Zefa Valdivina
Abstract: The Brazilian deciduous tropical forests are restricted to increasingly smaller fragments, threatened by human activities, and many of their peculiarities are still little known. On the western border of the legal boundary between the Cerrado and the Pantanal, the Serra da Bodoquena National Park (PARNA) protects an area of 77,021.58 ha distributed in two elongated fragments in the north-south direction and, of this total, 91% corresponds to the Submontane Deciduous Seasonal Forest type, with a connection between the forest edges and the savannas (Cerrado). The substrate of limestone rocks occurs in a large part of the terrain, especially in the topographic elevations, between 300 m and 800 m altitude. All these characteristics make this vegetation even more special, and, for this region, this implies great ecological, social, and economic relevance. Within the PARNA, the area known as "sink" or "headwaters" of the Perdido River has areas with brachiaria pastures, abandoned after the implementation of legal protection, and have shown insufficient resilience for natural regeneration to occur, requiring intervention for ecological restoration. This thesis was proposed with the objectives of knowing the composition and structure of the shrub and tree community of this deciduous forest on an altitudinal gradient of karst relief, surveying its ecological characteristics, and evaluating two low-cost restoration techniques on this pasture, aiming to meet the needs of the region. The research generated three articles, which are organized as follows for better systematization of the information and knowledge produced here. The raw data underwent statistical treatments, uni and multivariate, to test our hypotheses. In the first paper, the composition, structure, and diversity of the shrub-woody component of a 1.02 ha plot of this forest was surveyed and evaluated, following the altitudinal gradient. To understand the effects of topography on the vegetation, three positions on the relief were sampled, one in the highest part (top), one in the intermediate part (slope), and another in the lower part (base). As a result, in the total area 2,385 individuals belonging to 70 species, 49 genera and 29 families were sampled. Density increased towards the lower part of the slope. Diversity and equability were higher at the top, followed by the bottom. Diameters were concentrated in the first class, up to 13.1 cm, and the average height was 5.25 m, with a predominance of understory. Some species sampled had not yet been recorded for the region. The exploratory ordination analysis revealed greater distance of the hilltop plots and species compared to the plots and species of the two hillside areas. It was verified at this stage that topography influenced the observed floristic-structural heterogeneity. In the second paper, we followed the dynamics of emergences in the seed bank in beds with and without topsoil transposition of the sampled forest, following the same three topographic positions, under two degrees of shading and full sun. In the total area, 1877 individuals of 82 species and 45 families were observed and identified. The topographic position generated great floristic heterogeneity even though the areas were very close, with similarity of
only 20% of the base with the other areas. Diversity was high in all topographic ranges, with H' 3.45 and J' 0.78 in the total area. The number of recruitments was higher on the slope. Shading, especially at the 50% level, positively influenced abundance and species richness in all areas. The addition of topsoil allowed for a 68.3% increase in species, compared to the soil bank present in the pasture, and was responsible for 89% of seedling abundance. There was ecological heterogeneity along the gradient, and shrub/ tree (67.3%), pioneer (58.6%) and zoochoric (53.9%) species predominated overall. The technique of topsoil transposition showed promise for forest restoration over brachiaria grass pasture, especially if associated with shading and if the characteristics of the species are respected as to their environmental requirements. The third paper evaluated the potential use of 15 tree species from the savanna-deciduous forest transition in direct seeding and the consequences of interactions between abiotic (topography, shading, topsoil and observation time) and biotic (potential for plant emergence and establishment) variables in six treatments, under three positions on the relief. Additionally, the effects of precipitation and herbivory on the dynamics were analyzed. For planting in rows, 720 seeds of each species were used. Emergence rates ranged from 0.5% to 50.5%, and total mortality at the end of the evaluation was 45%. Observation time and shading influenced emergence, but the addition of topsoil in the beds did not show important results at this stage of development. Precipitation had a positive correlation with emergence, while mortality had a positive correlation with herbivory. The species had varied behavior in front of the treatments, but with intra-taxonomic similarities. Topography did not significantly affect the composition and abundance of the set of species analyzed. Environmental preferences and herbivory served as ecological filters for the resulting community. The results of this work reinforce the premise of high variation in the biodiversity of tropical forests and savannas as a consequence of the factors that affect them. Ecological restoration associated with the knowledge of biodiversity is an important and necessary tool to reestablish the ecological processes of disturbed areas, because it assists in the resumption of ecosystem services and, subsequently, in the conservation and maintenance of environmental balance, benefiting, including, human productive activities.
Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Tipo: Tese2020-04-01T00:00:00ZCaracterização da cinza do bagaço da fécula de mandioca para emprego em matrizes cimentíciasFigueiredo, Filipe Bittencourthttp://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/57042023-09-14T06:42:07Z2023-03-28T00:00:00ZTítulo: Caracterização da cinza do bagaço da fécula de mandioca para emprego em matrizes cimentícias
Autor(es): Figueiredo, Filipe Bittencourt
Primeiro Orientador: Botero, Eriton Rodrigo
Abstract: The increasing awareness of the need for sustainable practices in the construction industry has driven the search for more environmentally friendly alternatives in construction materials, particularly the reduction of conventional Portland cement usage due to its high carbon emission. This research aims to establish a purpose for utilizing the solid residue from the cassava starch beneficiation process (cassava starch residue) by proposing a suitable disposal within its life cycle in the production chain. Simultaneously, the design of cementitious matrices (mortars) incorporating cassava starch residue ash (CSRA) is conceived. This research investigated the potential of CSRA as a partial substitute for cement, aiming to enhance the sustainability and performance of cementitious matrices. Characterization tests were performed on CSRA, including FTIR, XRD, EDS, DSC, pozzolanic activity index (PAI), loss on ignition, and moisture content. Furthermore, an investigation of its effects on mortar cementitious matrices' mechanical and physical properties was conducted, including tests for bulk density, compressive strength, diametral compression tensile strength, and water absorption. The compression strength, tensile strength, and absorption tests revealed similar performance between the mortar without substitution and the mortar with 5% cement replacement by CSRA at 28 days of age. Mortar with 10% CSRA showed reduced mechanical strength and increased water absorption and void index. A trend of increased absorption and decreased apparent bulk density was observed as the cement replacement by CSRA increased, suggesting a potential increase in permeability and lower compactness in matrices containing the studied agro residue. However, further research is necessary to optimize the proportions and characteristics of CSRA and its influence on the various properties of cementitious matrices. These findings pave the way for more environmentally conscious approaches in the construction industry, driving the pursuit of more sustainable and practical solutions.; La creciente conciencia sobre la necesidad de prácticas sustentables en la industria de la construcción ha impulsado la búsqueda de alternativas más ecológicas a los materiales de construcción, particularmente cuando se trata de reducir el uso de cemento Portland convencional, debido a su alta huella de carbono. El objetivo de esta investigación es correlacionar un aprovechamiento de los residuos sólidos del proceso de procesamiento del almidón de yuca (bagazo de almidón de yuca), proponiendo un destino adecuado en su ciclo de vida dentro de su cadena productiva, en paralelo con la concepción de matrices de cemento ( morteros) con inserción de ceniza de bagazo de almidón de yuca (CBFM). En esta tesis, se investigó el potencial del CBFM como sustitutos parciales del cemento, con el objetivo de mejorar la sostenibilidad y el desempeño de matrices cementosas. Se realizaron pruebas de caracterización CBFM como FTIR, DRX, EDS, DSC, índice de actividad puzolánica (IAP), pérdida por ignición y contenido de humedad. Además, se investigó sus efectos sobre las propiedades mecánicas y físicas de matrices de mortero cementoso, incluyendo ensayos de masa específica, resistencia a la compresión, tracción por compresión diametral y absorción. Los resultados de los ensayos de resistencia a la compresión, tracción y absorción revelaron un comportamiento similar del mortero con la sustitución de hasta un 5% del cemento por CBFM a los 28 días de edad. El mortero con 10% de CBFM mostró una reducción en la resistencia mecánica y un aumento en la absorción de agua y la proporción de huecos. Hubo una tendencia hacia una mayor absorción y una disminución de la masa específica aparente, a medida que aumentó la sustitución del cemento por CBFM, lo que sugiere un potencial aumento de la permeabilidad y menor compacidad en las matrices que contienen los residuos agrícolas estudiados. Sin embargo, se necesitan más investigaciones para optimizar las proporciones y características del CBFM, así como su influencia en las diferentes propiedades de las matrices cementosas. Estos hallazgos allanaron el camino para enfoques más respetuosos con el medio ambiente en la industria de la construcción, impulsando la búsqueda de soluciones más sostenibles y eficaces.
Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Tipo: Tese2023-03-28T00:00:00ZEnriquecimento nutricional de farelos de espécies oleaginosas do cerrado e farinha de Araruta (Maranta Arundinacea) tratadas com os fungos Pleurotus Ostreatus e Pleurotus Sajor-Caju visando a elaboração de um produto para alimentação humanaVasconcelo, Maydla dos Santoshttp://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/55622023-09-14T07:06:50Z2022-10-31T00:00:00ZTítulo: Enriquecimento nutricional de farelos de espécies oleaginosas do cerrado e farinha de Araruta (Maranta Arundinacea) tratadas com os fungos Pleurotus Ostreatus e Pleurotus Sajor-Caju visando a elaboração de um produto para alimentação humana
Autor(es): Vasconcelo, Maydla dos Santos
Primeiro Orientador: Muzzi, Rozanna Marques
Abstract: Productive sectors in Brazil, such as agro-industry, generate a variety of residues, such as bagasse, fruit peels, seeds and bran from the extraction of oils, potentially rich in several nutrients. In animal feed, these residues are already being used as nutritional components or roughage in rations. For human food, waste has great potential as ingredients rich in protein, fiber, minerals and antioxidants, among others. Thus, the oil extraction residues of native species or adapted from the region were subjected to microbiological processes with edible fungi, aiming at the formulation of products of high nutritional efficiency in the human diet, in addition to adding commercial and economic value. In this work, the potential for nutritional enrichment of different substrates obtained in the extraction of macaúba (A. aculeata), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) oil was evaluated, with the fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-caju. The nutritional parameters of substrates and their mixtures, were evaluated before and after bioconversion. The bioconversion technique improved the nutritional parameters of all samples, especially in terms of dietary fiber and protein. The best performance was observed with the fungus Pleurotus sajor-caju. Compared to sesame bran, which showed the best nutritional results, all mixtures also showed increases in nutritional values after bioconversion with both P. ostreatus and P. Sajor-caju.
Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Tipo: Tese2022-10-31T00:00:00Z