DSpace Communidade:http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/552023-11-24T02:13:47Z2023-11-24T02:13:47ZDinâmica populacional de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em soja na região de Cerrado brasileiro: avaliação da incidência de adultos e lagartas e sua relação com as variações de temperatura e umidadeSouza, Nilton Pereira dehttp://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/58022023-10-27T05:11:05Z2023-07-25T00:00:00ZTítulo: Dinâmica populacional de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em soja na região de Cerrado brasileiro: avaliação da incidência de adultos e lagartas e sua relação com as variações de temperatura e umidade
Autor(es): Souza, Nilton Pereira de
Primeiro Orientador: Fernandes, Marcos Gino
Abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), known as the corn fall armyworm, is a pest with widespread polyphagy and notorious as a primary pest in several agricultural crops. In soybean crops, their larvae can cause serious damage in the early stages of plant development, as well as during grain formation. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of S. frugiperda caterpillars and adults in relation to some environmental factors, specifically temperature and humidity, in two agricultural years of Intacta soybeans in the region of Ponta Porã and Dourados-MS. The 2021/22 harvest experiment was conducted at the unit of the Federal Institute of Mato Grosso do Sul, Ponta Porã campus, in the municipality of Ponta Porã, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, while the 2022/23 harvest experiment was conducted in the experimental area from Unigran, Mato Grosso do Sul, in the municipality of Dourados. . To capture males, a Delta-type trap was used with attractive commercial bait (Bio Spodoptera, Biocontrole®), while the caterpillar count was done visually, directly on the plants. Both analyzes were carried out weekly, starting before sowing and continuing until the end of the crop cycle. Climatic temperature and humidity data were obtained from INMET for Ponta Porã and EMBRAPA - Agropecuária Oeste for Dourados. To evaluate the influence of these abiotic factors on the population density of adults and caterpillars, linear regression analyzes were performed between population and climatic data. S. frugiperda adults and caterpillars were detected in both harvests, where the number of adults was higher in relation to the number of caterpillars. In the 21/22 harvest, the caterpillars were present both in the initial period of the harvest and at the end, diverging from the 22/23 harvest, in which the caterpillars were only present in the final sampling period. No significant correlation was found between temperature and humidity with the number of adults or caterpillars. The occurrence of caterpillars in the initial stages of soybean can compromise the establishment of the crop, due to the high destructive capacity of these pests on seedlings. Furthermore, the occurrence in the reproductive phases interferes with soybean yield, since the caterpillars prefer to feed on the pods in this phenological phase. Therefore, continuous monitoring of S. frugiperda throughout the soybean cycle is recommended, especially in the initial phases of vegetative and reproductive development, as the presence of caterpillars in these phases represents a substantial risk to crop yield.
Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Tipo: Dissertação2023-07-25T00:00:00ZTradescantia pallida var. purpurea (Rose) D.R. Hunt (Commelinaceae) como agente de controle sobre Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)Rocha, Aline do Nascimentohttp://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/56672023-09-14T06:45:30Z2021-12-06T00:00:00ZTítulo: Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea (Rose) D.R. Hunt (Commelinaceae) como agente de controle sobre Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Autor(es): Rocha, Aline do Nascimento
Primeiro Orientador: Silva, Rosilda Mara Mussury Franco
Abstract: Insects are of great ecological importance. However, some classified as pests because their activities harm agricultural crops, which can cause losses of up to 100%. The species Plutella xylostella (LINNAEUS, 1758) (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE) is a microlepidoptera with a short life cycle and divided into four phases, in which the larval phase feeds preferentially on the leaf area of the Brassicaceae (cruciferous) family. Which refers to the popular name of the Cruciferous Moth insect. Many methods and inputs were used to control the population of P. xylostella, however, this species is already resistant to a number of 101 compounds that are used in synthetic pesticides. Thus, the search for alternative control methods is extremely important to reduce the insect's action on crops and not develop resistance. Botanical extracts with insecticidal action evidenced as a viable auxiliary method for the small producer, especially the organic producer, since they provide the preservation of the environment due to being less toxic, having a wide mode of action and hindering the development of resistance to insect. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea (rose) D.R. Hunt (Commelinaceae) is a plant that has no reports of herbivory by insects, raising the hypothesis of containing compounds with insecticidal actions. Thus, in this work we show the changes in the biology of P. xylostella when exposed to T. pallida extract. The results indicated reductions in feeding activity and female fecundity in all bioassays in which the insect exposed to the extract.; Los insectos son de gran importancia ecológica, sin embargo, algunos son catalogados como plagas debido a sus actividades perjudiciales para los cultivos agrícolas, pudiendo generar pérdidas de hasta el 100%. La especie Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) es un microlepidóptero con un ciclo de vida corto dividido en cuatro fases, en las que la fase larvaria se alimenta preferentemente del área foliar de la familia Brassicaceae (crucíferas), la cual se refiere al nombre popular del insecto polilla crucífera. Se utilizaron muchos métodos e insumos para controlar la población de P. xylostella, sin embargo, esta especie ya presenta resistencia a una serie de 101 compuestos que se utilizan en plaguicidas sintéticos. De esta forma, la búsqueda de métodos alternativos de control es sumamente importante para reducir la acción del insecto en los cultivos y no desarrollar resistencias. Los extractos botánicos con acción insecticida se evidencian como un método auxiliar viable para el pequeño productor, especialmente el productor orgánico, ya que demuestran la preservación del medio ambiente porque son menos tóxicos, tienen un amplio modo de acción y dificultan el desarrollo de resistencia de bicho. Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea (rosa) D.R. Hunt (Commelinaceae) es una planta que no presenta reportes de herbivoría por insectos, planteando la hipótesis de que contiene compuestos con acción insecticida. Con eso, en este trabajo evidenciamos las alteraciones en la biología de P. xylostella cuando se exponen al extracto de T. pallida. Los resultados indicaron reducciones en la actividad de alimentación y fecundidad de las hembras en todos los bioensayos en los que el insecto entró en contacto con el extracto.
Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Tipo: Tese2021-12-06T00:00:00ZToxicidade, efeitos comportamentais e fisiológicos da exposição ao neonicotinóide tiametoxam na vespa eusocial Polybia paulista (Ihering, 1896) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)Batista, Nathan Rodrigueshttp://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/56342023-09-14T07:06:47Z2023-03-17T00:00:00ZTítulo: Toxicidade, efeitos comportamentais e fisiológicos da exposição ao neonicotinóide tiametoxam na vespa eusocial Polybia paulista (Ihering, 1896) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
Autor(es): Batista, Nathan Rodrigues
Primeiro Orientador: Antonialli Junior, William Fernando
Abstract: Neonicotinoids are among the most widely used insecticides to combat insects considered agricultural pests, however studies point out that exposure to these insecticides affects non-target organisms both at the individual level, with behavioral and physiological changes, and at the colonial level in the case of social insects. Despite evidence of the detrimental effects of neonicotinoid exposure on honeybees, the consequences to social wasps lack studies. Social wasps have great importance ecologically and economically as predators of a wide range of other insects, many of them considered agricultural pests, and they also consume floral resources such as nectar and are therefore susceptible to exposure in this process. In this study, we investigated the effects arising from exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam on the social wasp Polybia paulista. First, we developed a maintenance protocol for the wasps in the laboratory and by acute exposure we obtained the topical and oral lethal dose (LD50). From these doses, we evaluated the effects of acute exposure to sublethal doses on the locomotion behavior of foraging workers. Subsequently, we obtained the mean lethal concentration (LC50) and from this concentration we performed experiments to evaluate the mean lethal time (LT50) of workers when exposed to sublethal concentrations. To evaluate the consequences of chronic exposure to such concentrations, we conducted video recordings and analyzed the wasps' locomotion at different exposure times. We also conducted morphohistological analyses to evaluate the consequences of chronic exposure on the wasps' midgut and brain. Acutely exposed wasps showed an oral LD50 of 0.4870 and 0.4456 ng i.a./wasp (24 and 48h) and a topical LD50 of 1.0030 and 0.8246 ng i.a./wasp (24 and 48h). Wasps exposed to sublethal doses acutely had their mobility impaired. The LC50 obtained after 24 h was 0.235 ng i.a./ µL, wasps exposed to sublethal concentrations survived less and moved significantly less than unexposed wasps, regardless of the exposure time tested. This result was also observed in morphohistological analyses of the brain and midgut. Our results demonstrate that P. paulista is as sensitive as other non-target species to thiamethoxam exposure, and that exposure to sublethal doses and concentrations significantly decreases survival as well as worker locomotion and causes morphohistological damage to foraging P. paulista. We conclude that social wasps may be as susceptible as other non-target insects to neonicotinoid exposure, with their behavior and organs impaired as a result of exposure.
Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Tipo: Tese2023-03-17T00:00:00ZBiodiversidade de borboletas frugívoras no parque estadual das várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do SulMartins, Lucas Ortegahttp://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/56332023-09-14T07:04:46Z2021-09-13T00:00:00ZTítulo: Biodiversidade de borboletas frugívoras no parque estadual das várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul
Autor(es): Martins, Lucas Ortega
Primeiro Orientador: Torres, Viviana de Oliveira
Abstract: The insects of the order Lepidoptera are considered important bioindicators since they present high levels of sensitivity according to the level of habitat degradation. Neotropical butterfly communities can be divided into two guilds according to their eating feeding habits: frugivorous and nectarivorous. The frugivorous belongs to the Nymphalidae family and are recognized for their great diversity, dispersion capacity, and also for their sensitivity to environmental changes, occurring mainly in areas of little altered fragments. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the community of frugivorous butterflies in areas of lowland forest fragments in the Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema, also evaluating the relationship between butterfly species and fruit and flowering trees in the local. The collections were carried out in five forest fragments in the Parque from January to March 2020. For passive collections, we used Van Someren-Rydon traps with a mixture of mashed bananas and sugar cane juice, fermented for 48 hours and active collections were made with entomological network. In addition, were counted the trees that were bearing or flowering during the collection periods. Species richness was evaluated using the Simpson and Shannon diversity indices. The species composition at the sampled points and the correlation between the frugivorous butterfly species and the fruiting and flowering trees species were evaluated by non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Twenty-seven species were collected, which belong to the subfamilies Biblidinae, Satyrinae, Charaxinae, and Nymphalinae respectively. Three species were singletons, two doubletons, six rare, six frequent and 15 species were common. The most abundant species were Fountainea ryphea representing 25.19% of the specimens collected, Hamadryas februa with 19.27% and Yphthimoides sp. with 18.29%. Fragment 1 showed greater richness (21 species) and fragment 3 lesser richness, with 11 species. The accumulation curves of generated species show that fragments 1, 3, and 5 tend to stabilize, while fragments 2 and 4 require greater sampling effort. The characterization of the community by NMDS points to differences between the composition and abundance of species according to the points sampled, a factor that may indicate competition between species, since the occurrence of one species can reduce the frequency of occurrence of another. In addition, the NMDS ordination pointed out that there is a correlation between the composition of frugivorous butterfly species with the species of trees bearing fruit or flowering in the sampled fragments, separating them mainly between the fragments to the west of the river and the fragments to the east. Therefore, our results contribute to the knowledge of the diversity and composition of frugivorous butterflies in floodplain forest areas and transition areas such as the Parque Estadual das Várzeas do Rio Ivinhema. Furthermore, it shows that the species composition of frugivorous butterflies is influenced by the species of trees bearing or flowering in these fragments.
Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
Tipo: Dissertação2021-09-13T00:00:00Z