http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/931 2026-01-16T22:46:13Z 2026-01-16T22:46:13Z Luiz, Valesca Luzia Leão http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6667 2025-10-03T05:08:27Z 2025-06-25T00:00:00Z

Título: Desastres criados no Pantanal sul-mato-grossense pela mineração: o caso da seca do córrego Urucum Autor(es): Luiz, Valesca Luzia Leão Primeiro Orientador: Silva, Liana Amin Lima Da Abstract: The general objective of this research is to identify the application of the conceptual tool “desastralização” (disaster-making) in the context of mineral exploitation in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul. As a working hypothesis, the case of the Urucum Stream drought was selected for analysis, given its public repercussion and its involvement in legal proceedings. The goal is to establish a causal link between the drought and mining activity in the southern Pantanal, and to demonstrate how this disaster was both created and made possible. The chosen methodological approach was the historical-dialectical method, aiming to understand that the social issue under investigation is in constant motion and transformation, and is not limited to isolated events, but is instead part of a broader whole. Regarding the theoretical framework, the research was grounded in the concept of the “mining model” as defined by Horacio Machado Aráoz, which highlights recurring violations and the comprehensive degradation of life resulting from mining activities. In addition, it draws on the conceptual tool “desastralização,” proposed by Karine Gonçalves Carneiro and Tatiana Ribeiro de Souza, to understand how and why disasters are created. To support the hypothesis, the research used primary sources such as case law from the Court of Justice of Mato Grosso do Sul regarding environmental damage caused by mining in the Pantanal. Secondary sources included documents from the National Mining Agency (ANM), the Atlas of Mining Problems, the Water Resources Plan for the Paraguay River Basin, and reports from the Pastoral Land Commission, in order to complement the investigation. The study concludes that mining activities in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul led to disasters related to the drought of the Urucum Stream. These activities caused not only individual harm to affected people, but also ecological damage to the essential characteristics of the biome and broad environmental damage that impacted the collective interests of society, affecting all components of the environment. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação

2025-06-25T00:00:00Z Otake, Renata Akemi http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6666 2025-09-30T05:04:19Z 2025-08-07T00:00:00Z

Título: A utilização da inteligência artificial no judiciário: Possibilidade de discriminação no sistema penal? Autor(es): Otake, Renata Akemi Primeiro Orientador: Contini, Alaerte Antonio Martelli Abstract: This study analyzes the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the Brazilian judicial system, with an emphasis on the risks of algorithmic discrimination in the criminal justice system. Based on the premise that AI tools are not neutral, as their algorithms, fed by historical data, reproduce and reinforce preexisting social biases, the research investigates how this technology can reinforce inequalities in the criminal justice system. The question this research proposed is: can the use of artificial intelligence systems as a tool generate algorithmic discrimination, and how might this occur? The general objective was to study the use of artificial intelligence in the Brazilian Judicial System and the possibility of algorithmic discrimination in the criminal justice system. Furthermore, the specific objectives sought to: a) understand what artificial intelligence is and its compositions; b) the state of the Brazilian judicial system in light of new technologies; c) the possibility of algorithmic discrimination. The methodological approach combined Karl Popper's hypothetical-deductive method, hypothesis-based literature review, and empirical data analysis, along with document research from sources such as CNJ reports, academic articles, and national and international case investigations. The findings showed that, although AI offers advantages such as faster processes and lower costs, it also reproduces patterns of discrimination. In Brazil, the use of facial recognition by the police revealed high error rates for Black people, transgender people, and people from peripheral areas, leading to unfair arrests. Furthermore, the lack of transparency in the algorithms and the lack of adequate regulation exacerbated these problems, making oversight and judicial control more difficult. The conclusions supported the initial hypothesis: AI, when used without ethical guidelines and legal safeguards, tends to maintain and intensify structural discrimination, especially in a penal system already characterized by selectivity and racism. Therefore, the innovations proposed by AI require regulations prepared for the impacts arising from their use, applying ethical criteria that prevent the reinstatement of biases present in previous decisions, that is, preventing automation from deepening social injustices rather than resolving them. Regulation of AI in the judicial system should focus on accountability, social participation, and the correction of biases, ensuring that technological advances represent social evolution and do not compromise justice and equity. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação

2025-08-07T00:00:00Z Nascimento, Jeniffer Santana do http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6665 2025-09-30T05:20:02Z 2025-04-25T00:00:00Z

Título: Territórios à margem e a inércia do estado: desafios da regularização fundiária e a reprodução do estigma urbano na comunidade Santa Fé e Santa Felicidade, em Dourados-MS Autor(es): Nascimento, Jeniffer Santana do Primeiro Orientador: Rodrigues, Thaisa Maira Abstract: This dissertation investigates the challenges of land regularization and the reproduction of urban stigma in the Santa Fé Community, located in Dourados/MS, Brazil, situating itself within the debate on uneven urbanization in the country. Through a historical analysis, the study identifies the roots of socio-spatial segregation in processes such as post-industrialization rural-urban migration, the 1850 Land Law—which consolidated land concentration—and the abolition of slavery without inclusive policies, factors that marginalized populations and fueled informal settlements. Chaotic urbanization, marked by inefficient state planning and real estate speculation, generated precarious peripheries where land irregularity became structural. The research adopts a hypothetical-deductive and qualitative approach, combining documentary analysis, literature review, and interviews with social actors. It examines how territorial stigma naturalizes state neglect by associating communities like Santa Fé with discourses of illegality and danger. This symbolic representation legitimizes the omission of public policies, perpetuating human rights violations such as lack of access to sanitation, healthcare, and education. While Law 13.465/2017 (REURB) promotes regularization, it proves insufficient by prioritizing legal security over urban and social improvements, reinforcing the logic of the "dual city" (Maricato, 2001). The Santa Fé case study highlights the materialization of these dynamics: precarious occupations, media-driven stigmatization, and repressive state responses. The community, largely composed of improvised housing, faces cycles of exclusion fueled by the normalization of precarity. The study concludes that land regularization, to transcend its technical dimension, must integrate with multidimensional policies that combat structural inequality, promote infrastructure, and deconstruct stereotypes. The research engages with theorists such as Lefebvre (2001), whose concept of the "right to the city" emphasizes popular participation in urban space construction, and Rolnik (1997), who critiques the commodification of housing. It argues that socio-spatial inclusion requires not only land titling but also the reconfiguration of power relations dominating urbanism, prioritizing social movements and intersectoral agendas. Ultimately, the dissertation demonstrates that stigmatization and segregation stem from a historical project of exclusion, demanding epistemic and practical ruptures to transform cities into spaces of dignity and full citizenship. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação

2025-04-25T00:00:00Z Lobo, Isabela Ferreira Carneiro http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6664 2025-09-30T05:19:57Z 2025-03-31T00:00:00Z

Título: Direitos negados: o vazio das políticas públicas educacionais para migrantes e refugiados em Corumbá, Ponta Porã e Dourados Autor(es): Lobo, Isabela Ferreira Carneiro Primeiro Orientador: Silva, César Augusto Silva da Abstract: This dissertation study sought to analyze the effects resulting from the lack of public educational policies especially aimed at migrant and refugee students in Basic Education in the municipalities of Dourados, Corumbá and Ponta Porã. The increase in migratory flows in recent decades has ended up driving the complexity of school management in border regions. The starting point of this dissertation is that the state's omission affects the access and permanence of these students, violating John Rawls' principle of justice as equity, as well as Hannah Arendt's concept of "right to have rights". The dissertation uses Karl Popper's hypothetical-deductive method, submitting the initial hypothesis to indicators derived from the principles of "access" and "permanence", extracted from the Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education. The Popperian method proved to be adequate, due to the disparity of data collected, in addition to respecting the singularities of each municipal reality. The study combines literature review, document analysis and data collection in official agencies. The results allowed the conclusion that, despite the increase in the migrant and refugee population in the researched region, educational policies are incipient and fragmented, incapable of promoting local integration. The language barrier remains one of the biggest obstacles faced by this population. In addition, bureaucratic requirements, lack of teacher training and curricular accessibility are elements that increase existing barriers, compromising the access and permanence of these students. In the absence of clear guidelines, the solutions are given by the managers of the school units, evidencing the lack of coordination of educational policy. The lack of structured policies for migrants and refugees reinforces their social exclusion, directly violating the principles of social justice. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação

2025-03-31T00:00:00Z