http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1740 2026-08-31T23:49:41Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6944 Título: Susceptibilidade de uma população de Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) à duas misturas inseticidas (nNonicotinoide + Piretroide) Autor(es): Figueira , Estefany da Silva Primeiro Orientador: Pastori , Patrik Luiz Abstract: The frequent and repeated use of insecticides with the same mode of action has favored the selection of less susceptible individuals, making resistance monitoring an essential tool to inform management strategies. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the frequency of resistance in a population of Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) collected from a soybean-growing area at the ‘Fazenda Experimental’ UFGD to two commercial insecticides formulated with mixtures of neonicotinoids and pyrethroids, using a laboratory-maintained population as a susceptibility reference. Concentration-mortality bioassays were conducted with the insecticides Acetamiprid + Bifenthrin and Thiamethoxam + Lambda-cyhalothrin, estimating the lethal concentrations (LC₅₀), the slopes of the curves, and the resistance ratios. The insecticide Acetamiprid + Bifenthrin exhibited greater toxicity for both populations, with an LC₅₀ of 0.009 μg a.i. mL⁻¹ for the laboratory population and 0.076 μg a.i. mL⁻¹ for the field population. For Thiamethoxam + Lambda-cyhalothrin, the LC₅₀ values were 91.890 and 2,717.450 μg a.i. mL⁻¹ for the laboratory and field populations, respectively. The estimated resistance ratios were 8.44 for Acetamiprid + Bifenthrin and 29.57 for Thiamethoxam + Lambda-cyhalothrin, indicating lower susceptibility in the field population, especially to the second insecticide. The steeper slopes of the curves observed in the laboratory population indicated a more homogeneous response to the insecticides, while the field population exhibited greater variability in susceptibility, a characteristic consistent with natural populations. It is concluded that the field population exhibited lower susceptibility to the evaluated insecticides, especially to the thiamethoxam + lambda cyhalothrin formulation, as evidenced by higher LC₅₀ values and resistance ratios compared to the laboratory population, reinforcing the importance of resistance monitoring and the adoption of management strategies to preserve the efficacy of these insecticides in controlling E. heros. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-06-17T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6930 Título: Biozyme® e Microalga Parachlorella sp. Via sementes: estratégia para aliviar os efeitos do déficit hídrico na fisiologia do milho Autor(es): Dias , José Ricardo Palácio Caldeira; Ribeiro, Leonardo Meotti Primeiro Orientador: Santos , Cleberton Correia Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is of great agricultural and economic importance in Brazil; however, its productivity is strongly affected by water deficit, which causes changes in gas exchange and in the photochemical functioning of plants. In this context, biostimulants and bioinputs, such as Biozyme® and the microalga Parachlorella sp., have been studied as alternatives to support plant physiological balance under stress conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of seed inoculation with Biozyme® and Parachlorella sp., applied alone or in combination, to reduce the stressful effects of water deficit on the photosynthetic metabolism of maize plants. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of six cultivation conditions and two evaluation periods, with four replicates. Seeds of the variety SEMPRE20A38 VIP3 were inoculated with Biozyme® and/or Parachlorella sp., and plants at the V4 growth stage were exposed to irrigated control or water deficit induced by irrigation suspension. Evaluations were performed at 4 and 7 days after irrigation suspension, considering gas exchange, water use efficiency, relative chlorophyll index, and chlorophyll a fluorescence variables. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared using the Scott-Knott test for treatments and the LSD t-test for evaluation periods (p ≤ 0.05). At 4 days, there was no significant difference among treatments for net CO₂ assimilation, but the association between Biozyme® and Parachlorella sp. promoted higher water use efficiency. At 7 days, water deficit reduced gas exchange; however, plants treated only with Parachlorella sp. under water deficit showed higher net CO₂ assimilation, transpiration, and stomatal conductance than plants under water deficit alone, in addition to maintaining the electron transport rate at levels similar to those of irrigated controls. Biozyme®, applied alone or associated with the microalga, promoted punctual responses, mainly related to the relative maintenance of chlorophyll index and initial water use efficiency, but did not maintain photosynthesis or electron transport under stress. It is concluded that Parachlorella sp. showed greater potential for physiological mitigation of water deficit, whereas Biozyme® promoted initial or specific responses, without eliminating the negative effects of water restriction. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-06-26T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6921 Título: Aplicação foliar de sulfato de magnésio em estádios fenológicos sobre a produtividade, a nutrição e a qualidade bromatológica  da aveia-preta Autor(es): Kintschev, Grégori França; Flores, Lucas Primeiro Orientador: Dupas , Elisângela Abstract: Seasonality in forage production poses major challenges to livestock systems during autumn and winter, making black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) cultivation is an essential strategy for animal upplementation. To ensure forage conservation and a continuous supply of nutrients, hay production under irrigated systems has been adopted, shifting the agronomic focus from maximizing biomass yield to improving the bromatological quality of the forage. Since magnesium (Mg) acts as an essential enzymatic cofactor in carbohydrate loading and translocation, its supplementation may enhance the energy value of hay. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different foliar application timings of magnesium sulfate on the biometric, productive, nutritional, and bromatological characteristics of irrigated black oat. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, using a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of foliar applications of magnesium sulfate at different phenological stages: T1 – control (without Mg); T2 – 3 kg ha⁻¹ magnesium sulfate at the three fully expanded leaf stage; T3 – 3 kg ha⁻¹ magnesium sulfate at tillering; T4 – 3 kg ha⁻¹ magnesium sulfate at stem elongation; and sequential applications: T5 – 3 kg ha⁻¹ at the threeleaf stage + 3 kg ha⁻¹ at tillering; T6 – 3 kg ha⁻¹ at the threeleaf stage + 3 kg ha⁻¹ at stem elongation; and T7 – 3 kg ha⁻¹ at tillering + 3 kg ha⁻¹ at stem elongation. SPAD index, plant height, fresh and dry biomass yield were evaluated. The concentrations of macro and micronutrients were determined in diagnostic leaves, and the bromatological composition was assessed through neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, crude protein (CP), and nonfibrous carbohydrates (NFC). The results indicated that foliar Mg application did not influence biometric traits, biomass production, or the structural and protein fractions (NDF, ADF, lignin, and CP). Regarding leaf nutritional status, the concentrations of macronutrients (Mg, N, P, and K) and micronutrients (Mn, Fe, and Zn) remained unchanged, except for calcium (Ca) and copper (Cu). The application at tillering resulted in the highest Ca concentration (8.49 g kg⁻¹), whereas the sequential application at tillering and stem elongation produced the lowest Ca concentration (5.86 g kg⁻¹), indicating partial ionic antagonism during foliar nutrient translocation. Significant differences were observed for NFC content. The sequential application at tillering plus stem elongation resulted in the highest NFC concentration (21.62%), exceeding the other management strategies by up to 63.94%. Under irrigated conditions, foliar magnesium supplementation was not effective in increasing black oat biomass production; however, sequential applications at tillering and stem elongation are recommended to maximize bromatological quality, producing hay with greater energy value. Further studies addressing economic feasibility, production costs, and animal performance are recommended to support decisionmaking regarding the adoption of foliar magnesium supplementation in irrigated black oat production systems. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-06-25T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6920 Título: Estratégias para a mitigação dos efeitos do déficit hídrico e salinidade na germinação de sementes e desempenho de plântulas de soja Autor(es): Silva, André Luiz Corrêa da; Posca, João Lucas Vieira Primeiro Orientador: Santos, Cleberton Correia Abstract: Soybean is one of the world's major agricultural crops and plays a strategic role in the Brazilian economy. However, abiotic factors such as salinity and water deficit impair seed germination and early seedling establishment, reducing crop productivity and stand uniformity. In this context, investigating sustainable alternatives to mitigate these adverse effects is essential. This study was based on the hypotheses that (i) salinity and water deficit negatively affect soybean seed germination and early seedling growth, and (ii) inoculation with Biozyme®, the seaweed extract Kappaphycus alvarezii, and Trichoderma harzianum alleviates stress effects, promoting seedling growth and vigor. Two independent experiments were conducted using seeds of the soybean cultivar 64HO114 IPRO inoculated with: (a) Biozyme® and (b) Trichoderma harzianum, Kappaphycus alvarezii, and K. alvarezii + T. harzianum. In both experiments, seeds were subjected to three experimental conditions: control (no stress), salinity induced by NaCl, and water deficit induced by PEG 6000, both at an osmotic potential of −0.2 MPa. Overall, the studied cultivar proved to be sensitive and responsive to both stress factors, particularly water deficit, which drastically reduced germination parameters and seedling performance compared with the control treatment. In the first experiment, Biozyme® enhanced radicle protrusion, germination, and early seedling growth under both stress conditions, resulting in a higher proportion of normal seedlings and improved root development. Under salinity, it was particularly effective in maintaining shoot biomass accumulation, while under water deficit it preserved membrane integrity. In the second experiment, T. harzianum applied alone was the most consistent treatment, maintaining the highest germination rates under water deficit and promoting the greatest seedling length and biomass accumulation under control conditions. In contrast, K. alvarezii applied alone showed superior performance under salinity by enhancing shoot growth, whereas the combined application of K. alvarezii and T. harzianum produced more variable responses and was not consistently superior to the control. Biozyme® was the most consistent treatment, mitigating the adverse effects of both salinity and water deficit on germination, seedling vigor, and membrane integrity in soybean seedlings. Trichoderma harzianum promoted growth and biomass accumulation under non-stress conditions and maintained germination under water deficit, whereas the K. alvarezii extract was particularly effective under salinity by stimulating shoot growth and protecting root membrane integrity, although, when applied alone, it intensified the effects of water deficit. Therefore, the choice of bioproduct should consider the predominant stress condition: Biozyme® and T. harzianum are recommended under water deficit, whereas K. alvarezii is more suitable under salinity. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso 2026-06-26T00:00:00Z