http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/21 2026-05-10T21:35:36Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6840 Título: Desenvolvimento e caracterização de hambúrguer híbrido de tilápia com cogumelo Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) Autor(es): Lima , Daniely Olga Martins Primeiro Orientador: Goes, Elenice Souza dos Reis Abstract: The growing demand for healthier and more sustainable foods has stimulated the development of hybrid meats, which combine ingredients of animal and plant origin. This dissertation aimed to review the main conceptual, nutritional, sensory, technological, and regulatory foundations related to fish-based hybrid meats, as well as to develop and characterize hybrid burgers prepared with tilapia fillet (Oreochromis niloticus) partially replaced by shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes). The literature review showed that, although hybrid products based on beef, pork, and poultry are expanding, studies focused on fish particularly tilápia remain scarce. Ingredients such as legumes, cereals, mushrooms, insects, and microalgae have been investigated as alternative protein sources, with emphasis on their nutritional and functional value. However, technological challenges and the lack of specific regulations still limit the market insertion of these products.In the experimental study, five burger formulations were produced with different levels of tilapia fillet replacement by shiitake (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%). Replacing meat with shiitake mushroom significantly influenced the physicochemical and technological characteristics of the burgers. Increases were observed in pH (from 6.24 in the control to 6.32 at 30% inclusion), water activity (from 0.965 in the control to 0.977 at 30% inclusion), and moisture (from 66.33% in the control to 74.88% at 60% inclusion). Conversely, reductions were found in lipid content (from 5.20% in the control to 3.57% at 60%), protein content (from 17.77% in the control to 10.64% at 60%), and caloric value (from 149.03 kcal in the control to 103.71 kcal at 60%). There was also a decreasing trend with increasing substitution in cooking loss (from 8.41% in the control to 4.88% at 60%), shear force (from 10.08 N in the control to 3.34 N at 60%), hardness (from 10.56 N in the control to 1.31 N at 60%), chewiness (from 7.14 in the control to 1.05 at 60%), and gumminess (from 7.29 in the control to 1.11 at 60%). Elasticity, resilience, and cohesiveness did not show significant differences between the control and the other formulations. Regarding color, darkening was observed at intermediate substitution levels (15%, 30%, and 45%), followed by an increase in lightness in the formulation with 60% shiitake inclusion. In the amino acid profile, shiitake inclusion promoted a significant increase in all evaluated compounds, with elevations in the essential amino acids isoleucine, methionine, threonine, and valine from 0.27, 0.23, 0.23, and 0.20 g/100 g in the control to 23.6, 8.70, 19.8, and 19.1 g/100 g at 60%, respectively. Tryptophan, arginine, and alanine, which were absent in the control, reached 4.00, 4.33, and 6.97 g/100 g, respectively. In the lipid profile, SFA and MUFA increased from 0.80 and 0.73 mg/100 g in the control to 30.2 and 27.8 mg/100 g at 60%, while PUFA remained low (0.00–0.63 mg/100 g), maintaining a low PUFA/SFA ratio (0.00–0.029). Sensory evaluation showed that formulations with up to 15% shiitake achieved good acceptance and purchase intention, whereas higher levels compromised acceptability. All samples met microbiological standards.It is concluded that replacing up to 15% of tilapia fillet with shiitake mushroom is feasible, resulting in a functional, safe product aligned with flexitarian consumption trends and sustainable diets. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação 2026-03-13T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6839 Título: Percepção das mulheres em uma comunidade indígena no equador frente aos efeitos econômicos e emocionais da migração de familiares Autor(es): Macías, Jahayra Yamel Ayala Primeiro Orientador: Binotto, Erlaine Abstract: International migration has become a recurring subsistence strategy for many families, generating significant transformations both in the economic organization of households and in the emotional dynamics of those who remain in the community. The general objective of this research is to analyze women’s perceptions of the economic and emotional effects resulting from the migration of their family members. The specific objectives are: to analyze women’s perceptions of family economic dynamics in the context of family migration and the inflow of remittances; and to describe the emotional effects of migration from the women’s perspective. The research adopts a qualitative approach of a descriptive and analytical nature. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with a sample of 20 women whose family members migrated abroad. This study was carried out in a rural community in Ecuador, whose identity is not disclosed for ethical reasons. The information obtained was processed through categorical thematic analysis with the support of ATLAS.ti software. The economic results indicate that remittances mainly function as a survival fund used to cover basic needs such as food and education, rather than as capital for productive investment. A critical cycle of initial indebtedness was also identified, as many families must repay loans taken out to finance the migration process, which absorbs a large portion of remittances and delays improvements in family well-being. In addition, the results reveal the abandonment of local agricultural activities and the progressive aging of the rural workforce. At the emotional level, the findings reveal the persistence of migratory grief, often manifested through physical symptoms. Women also face a significant physical and emotional burden as they simultaneously assume the roles of both “father and mother,” managing the household under constant uncertainty regarding the well-being of the migrant. The results indicate that monetary inflows do not compensate for the suffering resulting from the rupture of family bonds. The findings also contributed new analytical properties. In the economic dimension, these include the failure of the migratory project, health-related expenditures, and the persistence of family indebtedness. In the emotional dimension, a constant concern about the risks faced by migrants emerged. By making these silent transformations in rural communities visible, this study contributes to understanding the multidimensional impacts of migration and aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10, which address the eradication of poverty, health and well-being, gender equality, decent work and economic growth, and the reduction of inequalities, respectively. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação 2026-03-31T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6838 Título: Pagamentos por serviços ambientais: experiências internacionais e o desenvolvimento de programas no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul Autor(es): Falcette, Artur Henrique Leite Primeiro Orientador: Borges, João Augusto Rossi Abstract: In a context of increasing environmental pressures and the search for instruments capable of reconciling conservation and development, Payments for Environmental Services (PES) have been gaining prominence in public policies worldwide. Given the high ecological relevance of the Pantanal and the socio-environmental challenges faced by this biome, PES programs have been proposed in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) as a strategy to promote the conservation of native vegetation and to address wildfires. This thesis has two objectives: to systematically review the international scientific literature on Payments for Environmental Services in order to identify, classify, and systematize how empirical studies have characterized the design and implementation attributes of these programs, as well as the types of measurable outcomes that have been evaluated; and; to analyze the development of PES programs in the Pantanal of MS, with a focus on native vegetation additionality and on wildfire prevention and suppression. To achieve these objectives, two complementary methodological approaches were employed. In Chapter 2, the PRISMA protocol was applied to conduct a systematic review of international empirical studies. In Chapter 3, the concept of “management situation” was adopted through a qualitative and interpretative approach to analyze how PES programs in the Pantanal were built in a participatory manner, based on institutional, technical, and political processes. The results of the systematic review, based on 17 empirical studies conducted in 11 countries, show that the international PES literature remains strongly oriented toward the measurement of environmental impacts, which are reported as positive in most cases. However, the review reveals recurrent gaps in the explicit consideration of central design and implementation attributes. Spatial targeting, payment differentiation, mitigation of adverse selection, financial sustainability, persistence of effects, leakage risks, behavioral effects (crowding in/out), and equity appear irregularly and, in most studies, are not even mentioned. These findings indicate that although PES have become a consolidated empirical object of evaluation, the accumulated knowledge remains fragmented regarding the institutional and operational conditions that structure their effectiveness. The analysis of the Pantanal case shows that these attributes do not emerge as previously given technical properties, but as contingent outcomes of institutional construction processes. The development of the PES Conservation and PES Brigades programs revealed a management situation marked by uncertainty, interinstitutional negotiations, interpretative conflicts, and political costs, in which territorial prioritization devices, eligibility criteria, governance mechanisms, and operational arrangements were progressively constructed. The creation of the Environmental Services Index and the territorial multicriteria model illustrates how principles widely discussed in the literature, such as additionality, targeting, and conditionality, had to be translated into technical and normative instruments in order to become politically and administratively viable. By articulating international evidence with a concrete empirical experience, this thesis suggests that the effectiveness of PES depends less on the formal existence of payments and more on the institutional capacity to build, sustain, and adapt governance arrangements that make these instruments environmentally, socially, and politically operational. In doing so, it contributes to theoretical advancement by integrating impact evaluation and process analysis, and to the practical improvement of PES in productive and environmentally sensitive territories such as the Pantanal. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2026-02-27T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6837 Título: Leathers comestíveis à base de purê de ora-pro-nóbis com adição de goma de carragena: desenvolvimento e caracterização Autor(es): Ulloa, Katia Dariela Banegas Primeiro Orientador: Garcia , Vitor Augusto dos Santos Abstract: The growing demand for healthy and functional snacks has encouraged the development of plant-based products rich in bioactive compounds. Among these products, edible leathers, produced from fruit or vegetable purées, stand out for their nutritional, sensory, and functional properties. In this context, the present study aimed to produce and characterize leathers made from Pereskia aculeata Mill. (Ora-pro-nóbis) leaf purée, enriched with different concentrations of carrageenan gum, evaluating their potential as a functional snack and the impact of this addition on the nutritional, physicochemical, bioactive, and sensory properties of the product. The leathers were produced using the tape-casting technique, employing a fixed concentration of ora-pro-nóbis leaf purée (40 g/100 g) and varying concentrations of carrageenan gum (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/100 g), defined based on preliminary tests. Drying was carried out in a forced-air oven at 40 °C for 7 hours. The products were characterized in terms of proximate composition (moisture, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and dietary fiber), energy value, total phenolic compound content, and antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH●, ABTS●⁺, and FRAP assays, in addition to physicochemical properties (visual analysis, pH, water activity, color parameters, and thickness). Mineral composition, chlorophyll a and b content, carotenoids, cytotoxicity, and the stability of bioactive compounds during storage were also evaluated. Additionally, sensory analysis was conducted to assess product acceptability. The proximate composition results indicated moisture contents ranging from 15.70 ± 0.26% to 15.41 ± 0.14%, ash from 19.40 ± 0.21% to 22.45 ± 0.27%, proteins from 13.88 ± 0.39% to 12.11 ± 0.13%, lipids from 9.15 ± 0.56% to 6.32 ± 0.61%, dietary fiber from 10.65 ± 0.89% to 9.99 ± 0.62%, and carbohydrates from 31.23 ± 1.23% to 33.72 ± 0.46%, resulting in an estimated energy value between 105.10 ± 0.60 and 96.09 ± 1.81 kcal/100 g. The addition of carrageenan gum did not promote significant differences in leather thickness (0.35 ± 0.02 mm), nor did it significantly affect pH (5.50 ± 0.14 to 4.98 ± 0.04) or water activity (0.59 ± 0.01 to 0.57 ± 0.13). Carrageenan gum influenced antioxidant activity, with the formulation containing 1.0 g/100 g showing the highest ABTS●⁺ (2.08 ± 0.05 µmol TE/g) and FRAP (132.7 ± 1.50 µmol TE/g) values, as well as the lowest concentration required to inhibit 50% of the DPPH● radical (0.0074 mg/mL). Total phenolic compound contents ranged from 86.0 ± 3.98 to 64.3 ± 4.01 mg GAE/g, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) associated with increasing carrageenan concentration. The formulation containing 1.0 g/100 g of carrageenan gum showed greater preservation of chlorophylls a and b and lower carotenoid content. The addition of carrageenan gum did not significantly interfere with the mineral composition of the leathers, showed no cytotoxic effect, and contributed to improved preservation of bioactive compounds during storage. Sensory analysis indicated that the leathers exhibited potential consumer acceptance, with intermediate scores for the evaluated attributes, possibly associated with the fact that this product is still relatively unfamiliar to consumers. Overall, the results demonstrate that carrageenan incorporation contributes to improving the physicochemical and functional properties of the leathers, while maintaining a nutritious, safe product with potential application as an innovative functional snack. Thus, this study provides relevant information on the use of Pereskia aculeata Mill. as an alternative and promising raw material for the development of healthy and affordable foods. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação 2026-03-13T00:00:00Z