http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/396 2026-02-05T02:46:12Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6460 Título: Epidemiologia de bactérias Gram-negativas multirresistentes durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e avaliação de novas alternativas antimicrobianas Autor(es): Souza, Gleyce Hellen de Almeida de Primeiro Orientador: Simionatto, Simone Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance among Multidrug-resistant Gram-Negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) represents a global health challenge, restricting therapeutic options for the treatment of infections. In Brazil, epidemiological data on the impact of MDR-GNB occurrence in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are limited. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the clinical outcome and factors associated with MDR-GNB in 280 hospitalized patients with or without COVID-19, through a case-control study, carried out between March/2020 and December/2021. The case group (COVID-19-MR-GNB) was defined as patients who were positive for COVID-19, with a clinical culture for an MDR-GNB. Control 1 (COVID-19) was defined as COVID-19 positive patients with no GNB culture. Control 2 (MDR-GNB) included patients with MDR-GNB culture and no clinical evidence of COVID-19. Control 3 (GNB) included patients cultured for a carbapenem-susceptible GNB and without clinical evidence of COVID-19. The study involved non-probabilistic controls, randomly recruited in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to cases. These groups were submitted to univariate and multivariate statistical analysis and the use of urinary catheter and central venous catheter were identified as risk factors associated with mortality; renal insufficiency; clinical sample of tracheal secretion, use of carbapenems and polymyxin. Mortality was significantly higher in patients in the COVID-19-MDR-GNB case group compared to the three COVID-19, MDR-GNB and GNB control groups (p = ≤ 0.02). The data demonstrate that the occurrence of MDR-GNB associated with COVID-19 has a significant impact on the increase in mortality. In order to contribute to the control of MDR GNB, the synergistic potential of a bioactive compound (carvacrol) associated with an antibiotic (polymyxin B) was investigated, seeking to contribute to the development of new antimicrobials against polymyxin-resistant K. pneumoniae. It was observed that it had an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and demonstrated antimicrobial potential in vitro and in vivo, representing a therapeutic alternative to be explored in the development of new antimicrobials. Since antimicrobial peptides have stood out in the pharmaceutical market, due to their antimicrobial properties, a patent review was carried out on antimicrobial peptides developed and tested against polymyxin-resistant K. pneumoniae, in order to investigate progress in the development of new antimicrobials peptides. The results indicate that although many peptides are reported to have activity against K. pneumoniae, a minority have been tested effectively against polymyxin-resistant strains. Additionally, investments are needed in order to advance in the development stages with the aim of introducing them to the antimicrobial market. In this context, the development of this study corroborates the recommendations of the World Health Organization, for the containment of antimicrobial resistance, which encourages epidemiology studies and research in the development of new antimicrobials, in order to control the spread of multidrug-resistant microorganisms and improve the prognosis of patients. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2023-01-31T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6455 Título: Infuso das folhas da guavira (Campomanesia pubescens (d.c.) O. berg): estudo fitoquímico, toxicidade préclínica e efeitos biológicos em ratos wistar Autor(es): Coelho, Dioelen Virginia Borges Souza de Aquino Primeiro Orientador: Oesterreich, Silvia Aparecida Abstract: Plants continue to be an essential source of bioactive compounds, and their study requires a multidisciplinary approach that combines ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and biological techniques to identify new compounds with therapeutic purposes. Popularly known as guavira, Campomanesia pubescens (D.C.) O. Berg is a fruit plant, the symbol of Mato Grosso do Sul, which has shown promise in terms of therapeutic properties and biological effects, reported by ethnopharmacological use and identified by studies as flavonones and chalcones, including 2',4'-dihydroxy-3',5'-dimethyl-6' methoxyalcone. However, no studies were found in the literature regarding its toxicity and biological effects (renal and antihyperglycemic agents). Thus, this work aimed to carry out a phytochemical study, assessment of toxicity, mutagenicity, and biological effects of the infusion of leaves of C. pubescens. For the acute toxicity test, 10 female Wistar rats received a single dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight of C. pubescens tea by gavage and were observed for 14 days. For subacute toxicity, male and female Wistar received repeated doses of 15, 40 and 250 mg/kg of body weight of C. pubescens tea orally, being treated and observed for 28 days and, after this period of treatment, a group satellite and satellite control remained under observation for another 14 days. To verify the renal effects, the same male rats used in the subacute toxicity test were evaluated on day zero and on the 28th day of the experiment. Results were evaluated by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (Permanova). When a significant difference was found between the groups, non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used, followed by the Bonferroni test. In the acute toxicity assay, the LD50 was estimated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. In long-term toxicity, the doses tested did not produce significant changes in physiological, behavioral, hematological or histopathological parameters in the animals. Therefore, it did not exhibit acute and subacute toxicity, being classified as grade V, that is, it presents a low risk of toxicity. The tea had a renal effect with increased relative urinary volume from day 0 to day 28. However, no antihyperglycemic effects were observed. The phytochemical profile of C. pubescens tea indicated high levels of flavonoids, antibacterial (MIC), and antioxidant activity. It is recommended that new studies of tea from the leaves of C. pubescens be carried out to elucidate the mechanism of action on the renal effects and verify the toxicity in repeated doses with prolonged exposure greater than 28 days. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2023-07-28T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6454 Título: Associação entre padrões alimentares e sintomas depressivos na população adulta de Dourados, MS, Brasil. Autor(es): Iahnn, Stephanie Ramirez Primeiro Orientador: Lima, Rosangela da Costa Abstract: Dietary patterns identify the eating habits of a given population, suggesting the use of patterns to analyze the relationship between diet and the risk of depression, since dietary interventions can help or prevent this disease. The objective of this research was to identify dietary patterns and assess their association with symptoms of depression in the adult population of Dourados, MS, Brazil. This thesis is a cross-sectional study, using data from the population-based study entitled “Prevalence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension and Associated Factors in Adults in Dourados, MS”, carried out with 955 individuals of both sexes, aged 20 to 59 years, residents from the urban area, between 2016 and 2017. Sociodemographic data, self-assessment of health status, lifestyle, and morbidity were collected. For the determination of data referring to food consumption, the 24-hour food recall was used to later identify dietary patterns through factor analysis by principal components. Information on depressive symptoms was collected using the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Five dietary patterns were identified: traditional Brazilian, bakery, weekend, fast-food and prudent. More than half of the participants were aged between 20 and 39 years (51.8%), were women, with a level of education between 9 and 11 years, belonging to class C of the socioeconomic stratum and lived with a partner, and approximately 34% of individuals were identified with depressive symptoms in the last two weeks. The "prudent" dietary pattern in its upper tertile of consumption reduced the chance of presenting depressive symptoms by 35% in reference to the lower tertile (OR=0.65; 95%CI 0.46-0.93), after adjustment. The results suggest that high adherence to a prudent dietary pattern such as fruits, vegetables, chicken, natural juice, cereals and oilseeds may be associated with a lower chance of presenting depressive symptoms. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2022-09-30T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6453 Título: Estudo químico e avaliação anti-inflamatória, neuroprotetiva e toxicológica em camundongos das folhas de Allophylus edulis (A.St.-Hil., Cambess. & A. Juss.) Radlk. Autor(es): Santos, Sidney Mariano dos Primeiro Orientador: Formagio, Anelise Samara Nazari Abstract: The Brazilian native tree Allophylus edulis (A.St.-Hil., Cambess. & A. Juss.) Radlk., known as "vacum", has its leaves commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as sore throat, cholecystitis, and fever, described as rich in flavonoids. This research aimed to: (1) analyze the variation in the chemical composition of the essential oil from A. edulis leaves; (2) conduct chemical, histochemical, in vitro antioxidant, in vivo pharmacological studies (anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and antinociceptive) of the leaves, with in silico predictions of vitexin 2''-O-rhamnoside; and (3) investigate the anxiolytic, anti-amnesic effects, and subacute toxicity of the leaves, along with the molecular remodeling of vitexin 2''-O-rhamnoside on acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In the first manuscript (1), fresh A. edulis leaves collected in Bonito and Dourados/MS (2018 to 2019) had their essential oils extracted and analyzed. The yield varied from 0.07% to 0.6%, increasing with higher temperatures and during the flowering phase. In Dourados, the main component was caryophyllene oxide (20 to 29%), and in Bonito, α-zingiberene (25 to 45%). In the second manuscript (2), histochemical analysis revealed secretory structures in fresh A. edulis leaves. An infusion of the leaves (ILAE) was obtained from fresh leaves, fractionated into fractions, including hydromethanolic (HMf). From the latter, vitexin 2''-O-rhamnoside was isolated, undergoing in silico prediction, showing low predicted toxicity. Better antioxidant effects were observed in free radical scavenging models. Oral administration of ILAE (3, 30, and 100 mg/kg) and HMf (3 mg/kg) was tested in acute inflammation models (induced by carrageenan), mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal allodynia, and nociception (induced by formalin), showing a significant reduction in induced effects. The ILAE (30 mg/kg), HMf (3 and 30 mg/kg), and vitexin 2''-O-rhamnoside (AE-1, 3 mg/kg) were tested in a prolonged inflammation model (induced by complete Freund's adjuvant - CFA), resulting in a significant reduction in edema, mechanical hyperalgesia, and thermal allodynia, including for the isolated flavonoid (AE-1). In the third manuscript (3), oral administration of ILAE (3, 30, and 100 mg/kg) and HMf (3 mg/kg) was evaluated in anxiety and amnesia models (induced by scopolamine). The treatments reduced anxiety and improved parameters related to short-term memory. The decrease in AChE activity and lipid peroxidation, along with the intermolecular interactions of vitexin 2''-O-rhamnoside with AChE (in silico), may explain, at least in part, the observed results. It is concluded that A. edulis has a diversity of metabolites and potential anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective properties. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2024-03-06T00:00:00Z