http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/4861 2026-02-03T20:50:46Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6604 Título: Corantes declarados nos rótulos de produtos alimentícios comercializados no Brasil Autor(es): Viana, Maria Amélia Finoto Primeiro Orientador: Tobal, Thaise Mariá Abstract: The use of additives in food products is previously authorized by specific legislation, with limits established by type of product, but there are few studies evaluating the exposure of the population to these substances. Among the additives, colorings, one of the first to be used in food. This study aimed to evaluate the types and frequency of colorings on the label of food products sold in Brazil. A cross-sectional study with a quantitative and descriptive analytical approach was carried out based on data from the list of ingredients of products from one of the largest supermarket chains in Brazil, collected through photographic recording of the labels. The frequency of use of colorings in 2311 food products (9 food categories) was evaluated. The presence of each type of colorings in products according to food category and subcategory, as well as the frequency of each coloring and its classification according to origin, were analyzed using descriptive statistics by simple and relative frequencies. Most products, 81%, contained some additive and 35% contained colorings. The categories with more products containing colorings were Sugars and products with predominant calories from carbohydrates and fats, Sauces and seasonings and Oils and fats. Most products in all categories studied do not have colorings, and when they do the presence of only one per product predominates. The subcategories chewing gum, broths, soups and creams, candies and cones and straws for sweets have 75% or more of the products containing colorings. Most of the subcategories of Cereals and pulses, Milk and derivatives, Vegetables and oils and Fats do not have any coloring. On the other hand, Sauces and Seasonings, Meat and Bakery Products and pasta have most of the subcategories containing colorings. With regard to the number of types of coloring, the Sugars category had the highest, followed by Milk and derivatives, Bakery and pasta, Cereals and legumes and Sauces and seasonings. The colorings tartrazine, twilight yellow, titanium dioxide, red allura Ac, brilliant blue FCF, sulfite ammonia caramel, annatto extract and curcumin were the most mentioned in the products. As for the origin of colorings, only the categories Sugar and Fruits and derivatives have more synthetic dyes, and in Vegetables and vegetables products no synthetic coloring was found, and in Oils and fats and Meat products, more than 90% of colorings are natural. In general, there is a predominance of the frequency of natural colorings, confirming the tendency of the food industry to replace synthetic additives with natural ones. The results revealed that colorings are used in different types of food sold in the Brazilian market, but that usually only one coloring is added per product. In addition, the most cited colorings are mostly of synthetic origin, predominantly in the categories Sugar and products with predominant calories from carbohydrates and fats and Fruits and derivatives, but that most food categories have a predominance of natural colorings. It is concluded that there are many colorants-free food products, synthetic colorants have been replaced by natural ones, and that there should be greater attention to the category of Sugars and their products, since it is the one that presented the highest amount of products with colorants, in addition to having a higher frequency of synthetics. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação 2023-06-06T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6356 Título: Risco e estado nutricional como preditores de mortalidade em pacientes críticos: um estudo de coorte prospectivo Autor(es): Santos, Stéphane Durand Primeiro Orientador: Fernandes, Ricardo Abstract: Malnutrition can alter the composition and functions of the body and is a prognostic indicator of clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. Both risk and nutritional status should be assessed early in critically ill patients, as recommended by scientific societies worldwide inintensive care. Although there is no scientific consensus regarding the reference tools to assess the risk and nutritional status of critically ill patients, both the Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (NUTRIC) and the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) have been the most widely used in this population. In Brazil, some studies sought to identify the relationship between high nutritional risk, malnutrition and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, only one of which was conducted in the central-west region. Thus, the objective of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the ability of risk and nutritional status to predict mortality in critically ill adult and elderly patients of both sexes admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a public university hospital in the city of Dourados, largest city in the interior of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected through medical records and interviews. Anthropometric measurements were obtained within 48 hours after ICU admission, before risk and nutritional status assessment. The NUTRIC tools in their modified version (without IL-6) and ASG were used to determine risk and nutritional status,respectively. Patients were followed until death or hospital discharge, with mortality as the primary outcome. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the associations between independent variables and ICU survival in a multivariate model. For all tests, the significance level adopted was 5%.A total of 153 individuals were included in the study. The majority were male (54.9%), the mean age was 62.4 ± 17.1 years, with respiratory system diseases (42.5%) as the main primary diagnosis at admission, with at least two comorbidities (61.4%), using vasoactive drugs (50.4%), receiving ventilatory support (67.6%) and the mortality rate was 32.7%. In total, 65 individuals had high nutritional risk (42.5%), 105 individuals had moderate or severe malnutrition (68.6%) and 50 individuals (32.7%) had both high nutritional risk and malnutrition. In the multivariate analysis, patients with high nutritional risk and malnutrition had a 104% higher risk of death when compared to the group with low nutritional risk and no malnutrition (HR 2.04; 95%CI 1.04-4.00). Approximately, for every three patients admitted to the ICU with high nutritional risk and malnutrition, one died (Number needed to cause harm (NNH) 3.4; 95% CI 2.3-6.4). In conclusion, the concomitant use of NUTRICm and ASG improved the predictive capacity for mortality in critically ill adults and elderly patients compared to the isolated use of these tools. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação 2024-11-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6355 Título: Prevalência de sarcopenia e seus fatores associados em pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana Autor(es): Ximenez, Jaine Alves Primeiro Orientador: Spexoto, Maria Claudia Bernardes Abstract: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are at increased risk of developing sarcopenia, making them more vulnerable to adverse clinical outcomes, such as poorer quality of life (QoL). The etiology is multifactorial and appears to be influenced by numerous factors. There is still no consensus on the ideal diagnostic criteria to identify sarcopenia in PLWHA, and no study has proposed specific cutoff points to determine low muscle strength and mass in this population, tested in relation to the QoL outcome. Current cutoff points may underestimate the true prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with adverse outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to: i) analyze the accuracy of handgrip strength (HGS) in identifying poorer QoL in PLWHA; ii) identify factors associated with sarcopenia and compare sarcopenia defined according to the EWGSOP2 algorithm using the cutoff points for low muscle strength recommended by the consensus with those identified in this study; iii) to evaluate the association between sarcopenia, constructed from different cutoff points for muscle strength, according to the EWGSOP2 algorithm, and QoL in PLWHA, in order to identify which criteria are best associated with worse QoL. To this end, two manuscripts were produced, both with a cross-sectional design and the same population, conducted between April 2023 and December 2024, with PLWHA using antiretrovirals, treated at a university hospital and a specialized care service in Dourados-MS. Patients ≥20 years old, of both sexes, with capacity to perform the assessments were included. Sociodemographic, clinical, lifestyle and anthropometric data were collected through interviews and medical records. Sarcopenia was defined based on the EWGSOP2 algorithm, with low muscle strength determined by HGS (kg) and low muscle mass by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (kg/m2) determined at the 20th percentile of the sample distribution, considering two constructs: (1) HGS <27 kg (men) and <16 kg (women) and ASMI <8.74 kg/m² (men) and <6.96 kg/m² (women); and (2) low muscle strength defined at the HGS cutoff points determined in the diagnostic accuracy analyses of this study and ASMI <8.74 kg/m² (men) and <6.96 kg/m² (women). The WHOQOL-HIV Bref instrument was used to assess perceived QoL. The cutoff points were determined using the diagnostic accuracy measures. The chi-square test was used to estimate associations in categorical variables. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated to assess the magnitude of associations. A total of 105 PLWHA participated, with a mean age of 44.6 ± 13.5 years. As results of the first manuscript, the cutoff points with the best discriminatory power for worse QOL were ≤33/26 kg for HGS for men and women, respectively (construct 2). The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher in construct 2 (16.2%). Low CD4+ T lymphocyte count (≤200 cells/mm³) was associated with sarcopenia, regardless of the cutoff point adopted (<27/16 kg: OR = 4.09; 95% CI: 1.14–14.73; ≤3/26 kg: OR = 4.07; 95% CI: 1.29–12.88). Worse QoL was only associated with the construct using HGS ≤33/26 kg (OR = 5.12; 95% CI: 2.02–12.98). In the second manuscript, patients with sarcopenia had a 5.35-fold increase in the chance of reporting worse quality of life compared to non-sarcopenic patients (OR = 5.35; 95% CI: 2.11– 13.60). In conclusion, low muscle strength using the cutoff points ≤33 kg for men and ≤26 kg for women showed better diagnostic accuracy for worse QoL in PLWHA. Sarcopenia was associated with immunosuppression regardless of the cutoff point adopted for low muscle strength. HGS cutoff points ≤33/26 kg showed better applicability for early screening in outpatient settings, while the consensus cutoff point (<27/16 kg) seems more useful in scenarios of greater clinical severity. Patients with sarcopenia, according to EWGSOP2 and the cutoff points of this study, were more likely to report worse QOL. Our findings suggest the need to adopt higher cutoff points for PLWHA, enabling early diagnosis and interventions. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação 2023-03-17T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6354 Título: Avaliação do efeito nefroprotetor do óleo de jacaré do Pantanal (Caiman yacare) em modelo experimental de rabdomiólise induzido por glicerol em ratos Autor(es): Silva, Maria Luiza Fidelis da Primeiro Orientador: Barros, Marcio Eduardo de Abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by an abrupt loss of kidney function, with approximately 12–13 million cases annually, resulting in approximately 1.7 million deaths per year. The treatment of AKI represents a major cost burden for health systems, attributable to factors such as pharmacological treatment, severity of AKI, need for renal replacement therapy, and the lack of renal recovery. Rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI is one of the most frequently used experimental models, involving the administration of a single intramuscular injection of glycerol in rats. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of alligator oil (Caiman yacare) on glycerol-induced AKI in rats. The nephroprotective effects of alligator oil (OJ) were evaluated in a model of AKI (10 ml/kg glycerol, intramuscular) in Wistar rats. Different doses of OJ (19, 56 and 168 mg/kg) were administered orally for 7 days prior to AKI induction. Urinary parameters were measured during OJ treatment, biochemical parameters were assessed through blood collection were measured after OJ treatment. Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters, renal vascular reactivity, and histopathological changes were measured after OJ treatment. The analyses revealed histopathological damage in the model used, reductions in 24-hour urinary excretion in the experimental groups, as well as alterations in electrocardiographic, biochemical and renal vascular reactivity parameters. However, treatment with alligator oil (Caiman yacare) did not influence any of the parameters analyzed, indicating that the intake of alligator oil during the study period did not demonstrate a nephroprotective effect against rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI in rats. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação 2024-03-11T00:00:00Z