http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/54 2026-04-17T11:25:07Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6792 Título: Efeitos de bioativos nutricionais do cerrado brasileiro sobre parâmetros morfofisiológicas e tegumentares em peixes ornamentais Autor(es): Scardua, Marcos Paiva Primeiro Orientador: Silva , Claucia Aparecida Honorato da Abstract: Aquaculture is the activity that involves the breeding of aquatic organisms, with the breeding of ornamental species on the rise. This modality has gained importance in national aquaculture, mainly because it is economically profitable. Because they are organisms with great commercial potential, their cultivation has become increasingly intensive, and in their natural environment, these fish have a diet based on a combination of animal-based foods (high energy value) and plant-based foods (low energy value) rich in pigments. However, in order to obtain a good development of these fish, the diet needs to be supplemented in the feed. To further optimize these diets, additives are used that can optimize productivity. Therefore, there is a growing interest in research aimed at the use of alternative sources of bioactive compounds from food and its by-products (shells, seeds and bagasse), which, when incorporated in the feed, can have effects with antioxidant and palatability activity, increasing its added value. This work aims to evaluate the incorporation of sources of bioactives from the Cerrado in the diets of ornamental fish. This work presents the first considerations. Chapter 2, The addition of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) as a source of carotenoids and promoter of color, health and well-being in the diet of Mato Grosso (Hyphessobrycon eques) was investigated. One hundred and fifty specimens from Mato Grosso were used, which were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design (three treatments and five replicates), each experimental unit with a capacity of 20 L, connected to a water recirculation system for 30 days. The fish were fed a commercial diet (C), a commercial diet supplemented with 800 mg.kg-1-1 of hydroalcoholic extract of defatted pequi pulp (EP), and a commercial diet supplemented with 800 mg.kg of defatted pequi flour (FP). Survival, development parameters, color, metabolism of muscle enzymes and liver enzymes were evaluated. There was no influence of the diets on the development parameters (p>0.05). There was an increase in coloration (p<0.05), reduction in the activity of the hepatic enzyme AST and an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme CAT in the muscle (p<0.05) compared to fish that consumed the EP diet. It is concluded that the use of defatted pequi flour (FP) as a dietary supplement optimizes coloration, has antioxidant activity, and promotes the well-being of H. eques. CHAPTER 3: The effects of using the decoction of Guavira leaves (Campomanesia guazumifolia) as a feed additive for Geophagus pyrocephalus were evaluated. The toxicity study in Artemia salina, in juveniles of G. pyrocephalus and the feeding test on G. pyrocephalus were conducted. Survival in the toxicity tests and histopathology of the gills were evaluated. In the feeding tolerance test, the diet was provided for 30 days. At the end of the test, the fish were euthanized and growth performance, metabolic enzymes and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. There was no difference in weight gain, length and condition factor of the fish (p> 0.05) and the decoction of guavira showed high toxicity to Artemia salina and juveniles of G. pyrocephalus, gill lesions and the increase in dosage above 250 mg.kg-1 presented deleterious effect on the liver. Concentrations of 250 mg.kg-1 showed good antioxidant activity. CHAPTER 4: a literature review that contextualized the relationship of phenylalanine and tyrosine with natural pigments (melanins, pteridines, purines and carotenoids), metabolism and pigmentation of fish. The types of pigments, cells and sites of deposition, metabolic pathways associated with each type of pigment, mechanisms and factors that control and alter coloration, as well as the functions reported in the literature of these pigments and their relationship with these amino acids were presented. It has been shown that phenylalanine and tyrosine are somehow related to the metabolism of melanin and pteridine, and that the pigments can be metabolized differently among the different fish species, as well as during the phases of their ontogenetic development, in addition to acting directly on the coloration, growth factors, reproduction, health and well being of these animals. CHAPTER 5, evaluated the dietary supplementation of phenylalanine in enhancing fish coloration. To verify the increase in coloration in platys (Xiphophorus maculatus) over a period of 21 days, we used the inclusion of 0.81%, 0.99%, 1.17%, 1.36%, and 1.54% phenylalanine in a carotenoid-free diet. The evaluation encompassed several parameters, including body and caudal (caudal peduncle) coloration, the antioxidant activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, and performance. A completely randomized experiment was conducted using 150 platy specimens, arranged in 5 treatments and 3 replicates. The specimens were distributed in 15 60 L tanks connected to a water recirculation system with coupled filtration. We observed an increase in standard weight and length (p < 0.05), as well as low survival rates (from 49.9% to 66.7%), despite (p > 0.05). A substantial increase in body (a*, b*, ΔE) and caudal (a*) coloration was demonstrated, as corroborated by moderate correlations (r between 0.5 and 0.75). Furthermore, a correlation was observed between SOD and body ΔE, suggesting a relationship between antioxidant activity, SOD, and pteridine. The evaluated enzymatic activity remained constant. We recommend the use of 0.93% phenylalanine to intensify body coloration; however, further studies are needed to investigate whether supplementation at these levels may harm the health and well-being of the fish. The use of nutritional additives in ornamental fish diets can be used to modulate antioxidant, pigmentary, and health-related responses in ornamental fish. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2025-12-12T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6787 Título: Dinâmica de formas de fósforo em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico psamítico sob efeito de calagem e adubação fosfatada, em área de expansão de cana-de-açúcar Autor(es): Silva , Robervaldo Soares da Primeiro Orientador: Alovisi, Alessandra Mayumi Tokura Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for the development and productivity of sugarcane, but its natural availability in tropical soils is limited due to the parent material and its high fixation capacity, which compromises crop nutrition. Sugarcane is one of Brazil's main agricultural commodities and finds favorable conditions for expansion in the Central-West region. However, the costs of amendments and fertilizers are high, and inadequate doses, sources, and application methods can limit agronomic and economic efficiency. In this context, management strategies such as liming, gypsum application, and corrective phosphate fertilization, combined with different incorporation methods, can contribute to improving nutrient availability and crop productivity. This study aimed to evaluate, under field conditions, the effects of liming, gypsum application and corrective phosphate fertilization, applied in different ways and at different depths, on soil phosphorus fractions, mineral nutrition and sugarcane productivity. The experiment was conducted on a psammitic Dystrophic Red Latosol in the municipality of Juti, Mato Grosso do Sul, using a randomized block design with split-plot and sub-split-plot arrangements. Management systems involving combinations of lime and gypsum rates and incorporation methods, different corrective phosphorus rates, and fertilizer sources applied in the planting furrow were evaluated. Soil and leaf samples were collected at different times, and soil P fractions, foliar P content, stalk yield (SHP), and sugar yield (SHP) were evaluated. The results showed that corrective phosphorus fertilization alone was not capable of increasing foliar P content to sufficient levels in either the cane plant or the first ratoon crop, demonstrating the strong phosphorus fixation in tropical soils. The average values remained below the range considered adequate (≥1.8–2.0 g kg⁻¹), characterizing persistent nutritional deficiency. Despite this, sugarcane and sugar productivity were significantly influenced by the management systems. The Traditional C system, which included more intensive soil preparation with deep plowing, harrowing, fractional liming, and gypsum application, promoted higher yields in the first harvest, regardless of the phosphorus corrective doses. This result was attributed to better incorporation and distribution of correctives and fertilizers, greater availability of Ca²⁺ and SO₄²⁻, reduced acidity and Al³⁺ toxicity, and improved root environment. In the first ratoon crop, a positive effect was observed from the combination of deep tillage (Traditional C) and localized fertilization with a soluble phosphorus source, resulting in greater tillering, vegetative vigor, and sucrose accumulation, reflected in gains in TCH and TAH. These results indicate that the productive response of sugarcane depends not only on the amount of phosphorus applied, but also on the application method and the chemical and physical conditions of the soil that favor nutrient uptake. Overall, it was concluded that phosphorus deficiency was consistent across all years and treatments, but productivity was more sensitive to integrated soil fertility management than to the isolated application of P amendments. Strategies that combined liming, gypsum application, deep tillage, and localized fertilization proved more effective in enhancing nutrient uptake and sustaining sugarcane productivity. These results reinforce the need for integrated, medium-term management to overcome the low phosphorus availability in highly weathered tropical soils, ensuring greater efficiency in the use of inputs and the sustainability of sugarcane fields. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2025-10-03T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6786 Título: Secagem e armazenamento de folhas de guaçatonga (Casearia sylvestris Swartz var. língua): caracterização de folhas e extratos aquosos Colina natural na nutrição de frangos de corte Autor(es): Dorneles, Luana do Nascimento Silveira Primeiro Orientador: Goneli, André Luís Duarte Abstract: Casearia sylvestris Swartz var. língua, popularly known as guaçatonga, has anti inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, anti-arthritic, cardiotonic, anti-obesic properties, among other medicinal characteristics.Medicinal plants, when collected, need to be dried and stored correctly, in order to preserve the quality of the chemical constituents present, allowing their use for long periods in addition to maintaining their therapeutic action. However, despite being essential steps for the conservation of plant material, when not carried out correctly, they can lead to the degradation of compounds of medicinal interest. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Physical Properties of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados and CERNA Laboratory, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul. Freshly harvested guaçatonga leaves were dried in an experimental dryer at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC and drying air speeds of 0.4 and 0.8 m s-1. Mathematical models traditionally used to estimate the drying curves of agricultural products were fitted to the drying data. The water reduction rate, the effective diffusion coefficient, the activation energy and the influence of drying temperatures on the color and medicinal characteristics were also determined, which were determined by the total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and potential antioxidant. The storage was carried out after drying the leaves for 180 days in different types of packaging, and every 60 days the effect of storage time and the type of packaging on the color and chemical composition of the leaves were evaluated. For the analysis of the chemical composition, the aqueous extract obtained from the dried leaves of C. sylvestris was used. For drying, the results allowed us to conclude that: the Midilli model satisfactorily represented the drying curves of the leaves; the increase in temperature and drying air velocity resulted in an increase in the water reduction rate and in the values of the effective diffusion coefficient; the increase in drying air speed promotes an increase in the magnitudes of activation energy; the increase in temperature and drying air speed resulted in a decrease in the total levels of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and DPPH.There was an influence of drying temperatures as well as the storage period on the color of dry leaves when compared to fresh leaves. The drying and storage processes evaluated maintained the leaf quality standards and chemical composition throughout the evaluation period. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2022-07-02T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6783 Título: Estimativas de componentes de (co)variância e parâmetros genéticos para medidas ultrassonográficas de bezerros da raça Nelore Autor(es): Seno, Leonardo de Oliveira Primeiro Orientador: ________________________ Abstract: The use of carcass ultrasound measures and the simultaneous evaluation of genetic, maternal, and environmental effects are essential to improve selection accuracy and increase the productive efficiency of Nelore herds. The objective of this study was to develop the most appropriate statistical model and to estimate genetic parameters for body weight and carcass traits assessed by real-time ultrasound at weaning in Nelore beef cattle. The study was conducted with 2.001 Nelore calves born between 2015 and 2025 at Nelore Birigui Farm, Bela Vista, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The traits analyzed included weaning weight adjusted to 210 days (W210), ribeye area (REA), marbling score (MARB), and back fat thickness (BF), measured by ultrasonography in animals aged 7 to 8 months. To identify non-genetic factors influencing the studied traits, analysis of variance was performed using the GLM procedure, considering as fixed effects of sex, recipient breed, month and year of birth, and calf age and dam parity order as linear and quadratic covariates. As contemporary groups and covariates were defined, three models were used for univariate and multivariate genetic analyses: (1) including only the direct additive genetic effect; (2) adding the maternal additive genetic effect; and (3) incorporating, in addition to the previous effects, the maternal permanent environmental effect. Variance and covariance components, as well as genetic parameters and genetic and phenotypic correlations, were estimated using Restricted Maximum Likelihood Estimation. All traits (W210, REA, MARB, and BF) were influenced by direct, maternal, and environmental genetic effects. The univariate and multivariate analyses indicated moderate direct heritabilities for REA (0.31–0.34), MARB (0.24–0.25), and W210 (0.17–0.22), and low heritability for BF (0.08–0.11). Maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.08 to 0.25, representing up to 95% of the corresponding direct heritabilities. Direct additive genetic correlations among traits were positive and of low to moderate magnitude (0.22 to 0.70), suggesting favorable associations. The inclusion of maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects improved model fit and reduced residual variance. The multivariate analysis increased the precision of estimates and demonstrated that selection for REA and BF may result in correlated genetic gains in MARB and W210. Maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects should be included in genetic evaluations of Nelore cattle for weaning weight and carcass traits. The multivariate analyses proved to be appropriate, and the moderate genetic correlations indicate that carcass ultrasonography has potential as a selection criterion at weaning in Nelore cattle. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2025-10-15T00:00:00Z