http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/5436 2026-04-17T09:59:18Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6792 Título: Efeitos de bioativos nutricionais do cerrado brasileiro sobre parâmetros morfofisiológicas e tegumentares em peixes ornamentais Autor(es): Scardua, Marcos Paiva Primeiro Orientador: Silva , Claucia Aparecida Honorato da Abstract: Aquaculture is the activity that involves the breeding of aquatic organisms, with the breeding of ornamental species on the rise. This modality has gained importance in national aquaculture, mainly because it is economically profitable. Because they are organisms with great commercial potential, their cultivation has become increasingly intensive, and in their natural environment, these fish have a diet based on a combination of animal-based foods (high energy value) and plant-based foods (low energy value) rich in pigments. However, in order to obtain a good development of these fish, the diet needs to be supplemented in the feed. To further optimize these diets, additives are used that can optimize productivity. Therefore, there is a growing interest in research aimed at the use of alternative sources of bioactive compounds from food and its by-products (shells, seeds and bagasse), which, when incorporated in the feed, can have effects with antioxidant and palatability activity, increasing its added value. This work aims to evaluate the incorporation of sources of bioactives from the Cerrado in the diets of ornamental fish. This work presents the first considerations. Chapter 2, The addition of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) as a source of carotenoids and promoter of color, health and well-being in the diet of Mato Grosso (Hyphessobrycon eques) was investigated. One hundred and fifty specimens from Mato Grosso were used, which were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design (three treatments and five replicates), each experimental unit with a capacity of 20 L, connected to a water recirculation system for 30 days. The fish were fed a commercial diet (C), a commercial diet supplemented with 800 mg.kg-1-1 of hydroalcoholic extract of defatted pequi pulp (EP), and a commercial diet supplemented with 800 mg.kg of defatted pequi flour (FP). Survival, development parameters, color, metabolism of muscle enzymes and liver enzymes were evaluated. There was no influence of the diets on the development parameters (p>0.05). There was an increase in coloration (p<0.05), reduction in the activity of the hepatic enzyme AST and an increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme CAT in the muscle (p<0.05) compared to fish that consumed the EP diet. It is concluded that the use of defatted pequi flour (FP) as a dietary supplement optimizes coloration, has antioxidant activity, and promotes the well-being of H. eques. CHAPTER 3: The effects of using the decoction of Guavira leaves (Campomanesia guazumifolia) as a feed additive for Geophagus pyrocephalus were evaluated. The toxicity study in Artemia salina, in juveniles of G. pyrocephalus and the feeding test on G. pyrocephalus were conducted. Survival in the toxicity tests and histopathology of the gills were evaluated. In the feeding tolerance test, the diet was provided for 30 days. At the end of the test, the fish were euthanized and growth performance, metabolic enzymes and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. There was no difference in weight gain, length and condition factor of the fish (p> 0.05) and the decoction of guavira showed high toxicity to Artemia salina and juveniles of G. pyrocephalus, gill lesions and the increase in dosage above 250 mg.kg-1 presented deleterious effect on the liver. Concentrations of 250 mg.kg-1 showed good antioxidant activity. CHAPTER 4: a literature review that contextualized the relationship of phenylalanine and tyrosine with natural pigments (melanins, pteridines, purines and carotenoids), metabolism and pigmentation of fish. The types of pigments, cells and sites of deposition, metabolic pathways associated with each type of pigment, mechanisms and factors that control and alter coloration, as well as the functions reported in the literature of these pigments and their relationship with these amino acids were presented. It has been shown that phenylalanine and tyrosine are somehow related to the metabolism of melanin and pteridine, and that the pigments can be metabolized differently among the different fish species, as well as during the phases of their ontogenetic development, in addition to acting directly on the coloration, growth factors, reproduction, health and well being of these animals. CHAPTER 5, evaluated the dietary supplementation of phenylalanine in enhancing fish coloration. To verify the increase in coloration in platys (Xiphophorus maculatus) over a period of 21 days, we used the inclusion of 0.81%, 0.99%, 1.17%, 1.36%, and 1.54% phenylalanine in a carotenoid-free diet. The evaluation encompassed several parameters, including body and caudal (caudal peduncle) coloration, the antioxidant activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, and performance. A completely randomized experiment was conducted using 150 platy specimens, arranged in 5 treatments and 3 replicates. The specimens were distributed in 15 60 L tanks connected to a water recirculation system with coupled filtration. We observed an increase in standard weight and length (p < 0.05), as well as low survival rates (from 49.9% to 66.7%), despite (p > 0.05). A substantial increase in body (a*, b*, ΔE) and caudal (a*) coloration was demonstrated, as corroborated by moderate correlations (r between 0.5 and 0.75). Furthermore, a correlation was observed between SOD and body ΔE, suggesting a relationship between antioxidant activity, SOD, and pteridine. The evaluated enzymatic activity remained constant. We recommend the use of 0.93% phenylalanine to intensify body coloration; however, further studies are needed to investigate whether supplementation at these levels may harm the health and well-being of the fish. The use of nutritional additives in ornamental fish diets can be used to modulate antioxidant, pigmentary, and health-related responses in ornamental fish. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2025-12-12T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6783 Título: Estimativas de componentes de (co)variância e parâmetros genéticos para medidas ultrassonográficas de bezerros da raça Nelore Autor(es): Seno, Leonardo de Oliveira Primeiro Orientador: ________________________ Abstract: The use of carcass ultrasound measures and the simultaneous evaluation of genetic, maternal, and environmental effects are essential to improve selection accuracy and increase the productive efficiency of Nelore herds. The objective of this study was to develop the most appropriate statistical model and to estimate genetic parameters for body weight and carcass traits assessed by real-time ultrasound at weaning in Nelore beef cattle. The study was conducted with 2.001 Nelore calves born between 2015 and 2025 at Nelore Birigui Farm, Bela Vista, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The traits analyzed included weaning weight adjusted to 210 days (W210), ribeye area (REA), marbling score (MARB), and back fat thickness (BF), measured by ultrasonography in animals aged 7 to 8 months. To identify non-genetic factors influencing the studied traits, analysis of variance was performed using the GLM procedure, considering as fixed effects of sex, recipient breed, month and year of birth, and calf age and dam parity order as linear and quadratic covariates. As contemporary groups and covariates were defined, three models were used for univariate and multivariate genetic analyses: (1) including only the direct additive genetic effect; (2) adding the maternal additive genetic effect; and (3) incorporating, in addition to the previous effects, the maternal permanent environmental effect. Variance and covariance components, as well as genetic parameters and genetic and phenotypic correlations, were estimated using Restricted Maximum Likelihood Estimation. All traits (W210, REA, MARB, and BF) were influenced by direct, maternal, and environmental genetic effects. The univariate and multivariate analyses indicated moderate direct heritabilities for REA (0.31–0.34), MARB (0.24–0.25), and W210 (0.17–0.22), and low heritability for BF (0.08–0.11). Maternal heritabilities ranged from 0.08 to 0.25, representing up to 95% of the corresponding direct heritabilities. Direct additive genetic correlations among traits were positive and of low to moderate magnitude (0.22 to 0.70), suggesting favorable associations. The inclusion of maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects improved model fit and reduced residual variance. The multivariate analysis increased the precision of estimates and demonstrated that selection for REA and BF may result in correlated genetic gains in MARB and W210. Maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects should be included in genetic evaluations of Nelore cattle for weaning weight and carcass traits. The multivariate analyses proved to be appropriate, and the moderate genetic correlations indicate that carcass ultrasonography has potential as a selection criterion at weaning in Nelore cattle. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2025-10-15T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6781 Título: Substituição da proteína dietética por proteína derivada da indústria sucroalcooleira na dieta de cordeiros na fase de terminação Autor(es): Alencar, Amanda Maria Silva Primeiro Orientador: Oliveira, Euclides Reuter de Abstract: The liquid yeast, a by-product of the alcoholic fermentation of sugarcane, has potential for use as an alternative protein source in ruminant feeding, contributing to sustainability and cost reduction in animal production. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with liquid yeast in the diet of feedlot lambs on intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal and blood parameters, microbial protein synthesis, feeding behavior, productive performance, and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carcass and meat. Five experimental diets were evaluated, containing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% replacement of soybean meal by liquid yeast on a dry matter basis. In the first trial, ten crossbred lambs were distributed in a double 5×5 Latin square design for 105 days. In the second trial, 30 non-defined breed lambs (15 males and 15 females) were used, allocated in a randomized block design, considering initial weight and sex as blocking criteria. The inclusion of liquid yeast influenced dry matter and nutrient intake, fitting quadratic models, and showed significant linear effects on digestibility, absorbed purines, and microbial protein synthesis, indicating improved nutrient utilization up to the 25% replacement level. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed in zootechnical performance, intake, feed and protein efficiency, average daily gain, or loin eye area. However, an increase was observed in backfat thickness, hot and cold carcass weights, cold carcass yield, muscle tissue proportion, and muscle-to-fat ratio, along with a linear reduction in adipose tissue yield. It is concluded that liquid yeast can totally or partially replace soybean meal in the diet of feedlot lambs without impairing performance or meat quality, representing a nutritionally efficient and viable alternative for sheep production. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2025-09-11T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6780 Título: Caracterização biométrica e funcional do ovino pantaneiro Autor(es): Valério, Agda Costa Primeiro Orientador: Vargas Junior, Fernando Miranda de Abstract: The objectives with this thesis were: I) to abord the importance of studying the morphological characterization of locally adapted sheep breeds and the use of multivariate analyzes for exploratory data studies (Chapter I); contribute to the biometric characterization of the Pantaneira breed, using linear measurements, weight and body condition, presenting evaluation elements with a focus on multifactorial responses (Chapter II); classify the fiber types of the different biotypes of Pantaneiro lambs, generated according to their carcass yield (Chapter III). Chapter II: 211 Pantaneiras sheep from the conservation herd at the Federal University of Grande Dourados were evaluated. The measurements taken were weight and body condition, 23 quantitative morphological measurements and 9 qualitative morphological variables. Initially, a descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for all quantitative characteristics and subsequently these data were subjected to factor analysis, the formation of a correlation matrix and together with the qualitative data used to induce decision trees. The 4 factors formed were given the names body, shin, height and head, and these contributed to 18, 17, 15% and 13%, respectively, of the data variation. The correlation matrix formed showed the formation of these groups of variables with greater correlations between them. The group of variables associated with the shin (carpal, metacarpal, tarsus and metatarsus) was used to induce decision trees, seeking to understand the relationship between quantitative and qualitative morphological variables. Measurements related to animal cinnamon are capable of generating decision trees with satisfactory accuracy. Chapter III: 33 Pantaneiro lambs with an initial age of 82 days, males, weaned, not castrated, with a body weight of 12.8±3.5 kg were used. Allocated in individual pens equipped with feeders and drinkers. The experimental diet was the same for all animals, formulated to provide an average gain of 250g/day. Weighings and assessment of body condition were carried out weekly. 23 quantitative morphological measurements were collected at the beginning of the experimental period and before slaughter, in addition to the qualitative morphological characterization of the animals. Upon reaching the minimum body condition of 2.75 and weight of 28 kg, the animals were slaughtered. The carcasses were weighed immediately after slaughter and kept in a cold room 24 hours later. At the time of slaughter, samples of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum, Semimembranosus and Triceps brachii muscles were collected for subsequent evaluation and identification of fiber types. The data measured on the carcass were subjected to factor analysis and subsequent cluster analysis to obtain the biotypes. An average test was carried out to compare the different biotypes formed in terms of efficiency and performance in confinement and fiber types. Quantitative and qualitative morphological measurements were used to characterize the biotypes obtained. The factor analysis generated 4 factors, the first being called muscle, which contributed most to the variability of the data (24%). This factor was composed of hot carcass weight and yield and cold carcass weight and yield, which is why these measurements were used as the basis for cluster analysis, generating 3 biotypes (A, B and C). Biotype A is composed of 11 animals with higher consumption (0.93kg/day) and average daily gain (0.22kg/day) compared to the others, in addition to presenting a better muscle:bone ratio (2.9) and a lower percentage of total bone in the carcass (18.9%). This biotype presented an even higher concentration of red fibers in the three muscles studied Longissimus thoracis et lomborum, Semimembranosus and Triceps brachii, being 45, 38 and 32%, respectively. These animals were also characterized by having smaller body measurements compared to biotype C, making them classifiable as more compact animals. Although more studies are needed to confirm the data, it is possible to verify through this exploratory work that there is, within the Pantaneira breed, a lineage of more efficient animals, with better carcass composition and tissue formation similar to breeds specialized for meat production. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Tese 2023-09-29T00:00:00Z