http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/21 Fri, 17 Apr 2026 11:58:27 GMT 2026-04-17T11:58:27Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6835 Título: Tratamento taxonômico de Alismataceae do Pantanal brasileiro Autor(es): Pestana, Mateus César Araújo Primeiro Orientador: Oliveira , Augusto Giaretta de Abstract: The Pantanal is one of the largest tropical wetland areas in the world, covering approximately 160,000 km² and located in the Upper Paraguay Basin. In Brazil, the Pantanal floodplain extends over approximately 138,000 km², distributed between the states of Mato Grosso (35%) and Mato Grosso do Sul (65%). Alismataceae is a family of aquatic plants belonging to the order Alismatales. The family comprises 17 genera and 113 species, with a subcosmopolitan distribution. In Brazil, five genera and 40 species occur. Although taxonomic studies on Alismataceae are frequent in semi-arid regions of Brazil, they remain scarce for large wetland areas such as the Pantanal. This study aims to conduct the first taxonomic treatment of Alismataceae in the Brazilian Pantanal. The research was carried out in two main stages. The first stage involved field collections, while the second stage consisted of analyzing botanical material of Alismataceae deposited in the COR, CEN, CPAP, DDMS, ICN, and UFMT herbaria through visits, loans, or exchanges. Additionally, images of specimens from the BHCB, HPAN, MBM, NY, R, RB, UB, UEC, UPCB, and US herbaria were examined through the virtual herbaria Reflora and SpeciesLink, as well as JABOT. At the beginning of the dissertation related work, significant inconsistencies were observed in the data on the diversity of Alismataceae in the Brazilian Pantanal, as recorded in the Flora e Funga do Brasil (FBB) and SpeciesLink. While FBB indicated the occurrence of 16 species, SpeciesLink listed at least 36 names attributed to the family. Through extensive analysis of material deposited in the most representative collections of the family in the Brazilian Pantanal (i.e., CGMS and CPAP herbaria), the occurrence of 19 species was confirmed, distributed among the genera Echinodorus (9 spp.), Sagittaria (4 spp.), Hydrocleys (2 spp.), Helanthium (2 spp.), and Limnocharis (2 spp.), with Sagittaria planitiana being a new record for the state of Mato Grosso. Furthermore, most synonymized names were updated, and some identifications were clarified. For years, the literature indicated the occurrence of Echinodorus cylindricus, E. grandiflorus, E. macrophyllus, and E. lanceolatus in the Pantanal. However, based on the analysis of revised collections and field observations, it was found that specimens previously identified as E. cylindricus correspond to E. glaucus, E. grandiflorus was corrected to E. longiscapus, E. macrophyllus to E. scaber, and E. lanceolatus to E. paniculatus. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the diversity of Alismataceae in the Brazilian Pantanal. The taxonomic treatment includes identification keys, detailed morphological descriptions, diagnostic and comparative comments among similar taxa, as well as illustrative plates and species distribution maps within the study area. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação Sat, 01 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6835 2025-03-01T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6834 Título: Efeitos das flutuações térmicas diárias na germinação de sementes de três espécies de Myrteae (Myrtaceae) em um cenário de aquecimento global Autor(es): Nascimento, Juliana Aljahara Sousa do Primeiro Orientador: Oliveira , Augusto Giaretta de Abstract: The effects of climate change on biodiversity are currently being documented, but the impacts of microclimatic fluctuations (e.g., daily thermal variations in the soil) on seed germination remain poorly understood. Asymmetric thermal fluctuation, characterized by an increase in the daily minimum temperature and a reduction in thermal amplitude, has been neglected in modeling and experiments. Investigating these effects in widely distributed and ecologically representative groups, such as Myrtaceae, is essential to understanding their response to environmental changes. This study aims to investigate the germination percentage and speed of seeds from Eugenia uniflora L., Myrcia sp., and Psidium guajava L., as well as the morphology and anatomy of the vegetative structures of developing seedlings under conditions of symmetric and asymmetric daily temperature fluctuations. The seeds of the studied species were subjected to growth chambers with a 12-hour photoperiod, divided into symmetric and asymmetric conditions, with three treatments each. In the symmetric phase, the initial temperature (TS1) was 20°C (day)/25°C (night), increasing by 5°C gradually in treatments (TS2) and (TS3). In the asymmetric phase, the initial temperature (TA1) was 22°C (day)/31°C (night), with a gradual increase of 6°C and 3°C, respectively, in treatments (TA2) and (TA3). Seeds that did not germinate were subjected to the tetrazolium test to assess viability. Ten individuals from each treatment were selected for biometric and anatomical analyses. Biometric measurements included root and stem length, as well as the width and length of the third fully developed leaf. For anatomical analyses, samples of leaves, stems, and roots were fixed in FAA 50 and stored in 70% ethanol. The thickness of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis, leaf mesophyll, stem hypodermis, and root cortex were measured. All data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and when significant, the Tukey test was applied for mean comparison. Eugenia uniflora demonstrated high thermal plasticity, with a high germination percentage and healthy seedling development at higher temperatures and smaller thermal amplitudes, indicating greater tolerance to global warming scenarios. This capacity may be related to the greater amount of cotyledonary reserves reported for Eugenia L. species, which potentially favors their adaptation to variable environments. Myrcia sp. exhibited high germination rates under different thermal conditions, but seedling development was compromised by tissue necrosis, possibly due to thermal stress. In contrast, Psidium guajava showed lower germination percentages under asymmetric conditions but high seed viability, suggesting a possible dormancy mechanism as an adaptive strategy to favor germination under suitable conditions and avoid development in unfavorable environments. These differences suggest potential changes in species coexistence dynamics and their ecological interactions, such as with dispersers and predators, in future climate change scenarios. The studied species exhibited distinct adaptive responses to thermal fluctuations. Psidium guajava adopted a structural resistance strategy, with reduced germination but vigorous development. Myrcia sp. showed high germination but compromised development due to seedling necrosis. Eugenia uniflora demonstrated greater plasticity, germinating and developing well under different temperatures, with anatomical adaptations that optimize resource use. The foliar variation and increased root tissues in Eugenia uniflora and Psidium guajava suggest complementary strategies for resource absorption and environmental resilience. These findings contribute to the understanding of the ecological and physiological strategies of tropical species in response to short-term thermal variations. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação Mon, 17 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6834 2025-02-17T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6833 Título: Restaurando o Cerrado: Inovações em Semeadura Direta e Substratos Orgânicos para florestas aluviais Autor(es): Domingos, Joab Doria Primeiro Orientador: Pereira, Zefa Valdivina Abstract: The Savannah, the second-largest biome in South America, covers 1,983,017 km² (23.3%) of Brazil and lies over the continent's three largest river basins, resulting in high aquifer potential and unique biodiversity with endemic species. However, agricultural intensification and inadequate management practices have led to ecosystem degradation, particularly in floodplain forests, which depend on water bodies. This degradation alters the soil's physical and chemical properties, hindering ecological restoration and impacting seedling establishment and seed emergence, thereby compromising species survival. In this context, Chapter 1 evaluated whether the use of mounds with different organic substrates favors the establishment and survival of native seedlings in Savannah floodplain areas. The experiment, conducted with Calophyllum brasiliense (CB) and Triplaris americana (TA), used a completely randomized design with two factors (presence and absence of mounds) and four treatments (control, Dipteryx alata Vogel bark, charcoal fines, and a mixture of both). Analysis of variance (ANOVA two way) and Tukey's test revealed that mounds favored the establishment of Calophyllum brasiliense, with a survival rate of 51.56% (66 seedlings), while Triplaris americana showed 35.94% (46 seedlings). Organic substrates positively impacted both species. In Chapter 2, the objective was to evaluate whether the use of mounds with different organic substrates promotes the emergence and survival of native seeds in Cerrado floodplain areas. The study focused on the emergence and survival of seeds from three native species (Mauritia flexuosa L.f, Triplaris americana L e Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand.) in floodplain areas. Emergence was 12.16% (73 individuals), with 58.9% in mounds and 41.1% without mounds. Mauritia flexuosa stood out as the most resilient species, with 59 emerged individuals. The results indicate that mounds and organic substrates are promising strategies for restoring floodplain areas, but success depends on the specificities of each species and soil conditions. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação Thu, 06 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6833 2025-03-06T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6832 Título: Diversidade e padrões de distribuição de peixes não-nativos da Bacia do Alto Rio Paraná Autor(es): Nagamatsu, Bárbara Akemi Tersariol Primeiro Orientador: Dagosta , Fernando César Paiva Abstract: The upper Paraná River basin, the second largest river basin in Brazil, includes sub basins that drain the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná and the Federal District. Located in the most developed and anthropized region of South America, the basin is impacted by agricultural, industrial and livestock activities, in addition to the presence of hydroelectric plants, which act as routes for the introduction of non-native fish species. Other mechanisms of introduction include aquarium keeping practices, the use of live bait in fishing, diversion systems, aquaculture and connections with other basins, such as the Tocantins-Araguaia River, although details of this last route are not yet fully clarified. Currently, the upper Paraná River basin is home to 133 non-native fish species, of which five are hybrids, distributed in 14 orders and 35 families. Over the past two centuries, the number of introductions influenced by human activities has increased exponentially and, as a result, there are few habitats that remain free of the presence of non-native species. In the Paraná basin, the construction of Itaipu is the largest entry route for non-native species, followed by aquaculture. It is estimated that the upper Paraná basin will be home to 180 non-native species and that by 2078 all species will have been catalogued. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação Sat, 12 Dec 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6832 2026-12-12T00:00:00Z