http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/57 Tue, 20 Jan 2026 03:09:24 GMT 2026-01-20T03:09:24Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6602 Título: Caracterização do atendimento à pessoa com câncer de pele residente na região centro-oeste do Brasil Autor(es): Ito, Arianne Tiemi Jyoboji Moraes Primeiro Orientador: Bernardes, Sara Santos Abstract: The main types of skin cancer are basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. The first two are the most common cancers os skin, but they are less lethal compared to melanoma. The prognosis of cancer depends on the time to initiate treatment, and therefore, it is related to access to healthcare services. Due to the high incidence of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and the complexity of melanoma treatment, the care for these cancers significantly affects healthcare systems. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the care provided to individuals diagnosed with BCC, SCC and melanoma residing in the midwest region of Brazil, who received their first treatment through the Unified Health System (SUS), including surgery, radiotherapy or systemic therapy. METHODOLOGY: An analytical ecological study with time series analysis was conducted to analyze the characteristics of care for this population from 2008 to 2018. Publicly available databases, including the Hospital Cancer Registry and the Mortality Information System were used for data collection. Measures of association between variables were performed using Fisher's test and Chi-square test. RESULTS: Melanoma affected younger individuals and areas less exposed to sunlight compared to NMSC. Over 3/4 of our cohort initiated the first treatment for skin cancer within 60 days or less. Although surgery was the most frequent initial treatment, starting treatment with radiotherapy was associated with SCC, and starting treatment with systemic therapy was associated with melanoma. Approximately 40% of cases were referred to a different Federative Unit (FU) from their residence to receive the first treatment, and receiving the first treatment in a different FU from the residence was associated with NMSC, starting treatment within 60 days or less, and radiotherapy as the first treatment. Cases of residents in the state of Goiás were the most commonly referred to another FU, with the majority being in the state of São Paulo. The mortality rate for skin cancer in the midwest region increased over the evaluated period, with Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul showing the highest average increase in mortality rate compared to other FUs. CONCLUSION: Residing in the midwest region of Brazil, being diagnosed with NMSC, and starting treatment with radiotherapy are associated with relocating to another state to undergo the initial treatment for the disease. The state of Goiás stood out for having the lowest proportion of cases that received their first treatment within the state of residence and showed a significant increase in the absolute number of deaths from skin cancer over the evaluated period. Mato Grosso do Sul presented the highest absolute number of registered skin cancer cases during the period. Despite 65.66% of cases having started treatment for the disease within their own state, Mato Grosso do Sul had the highest death rate from skin cancer during the evaluated period. Our findings highlight deficiencies in cancer care in the midwest region of Brazil, especially in Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul, which contribute to planning assistance actions for individuals affected by the disease residing in this region of the country. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação Wed, 07 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6602 2024-08-07T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6433 Título: Potencial anti-Candida albicans dos extratos etanólico e aquoso das folhas de Bauhinia holophylla (Bong.) Steud Autor(es): Rosa, Stéfani de Oliveira Primeiro Orientador: Oliveira, Kelly Mari Pires de Abstract: Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection caused mainly by Candida albicans, considered a public health problem that affects a large part of the population. Candida albicans inhabits the normal human microbiota commensally, however, an imbalance in the host organism can cause a transition from the commensal to the pathogenic stage. In addition, topical therapy for this infection is restricted to the use of the antifungals chlorhexidine gluconate and nystatin, but these have associated cytotoxic and adverse effects. Faced with the need to supply limited antifungal therapy, medicinal plants are a rich possibility for the development of antifungal agents capable of acting in the treatment of oral candidiasis. Bauhinia holophylla Bong. Steud. known as "pata-de-vaca" belongs to the Fabaceae family and is popularly used to treat infections and inflammatory processes, however, its antifungal potential is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the chemical composition and antifungal activity of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Bauhinia holophylla (Bong.) Steud. against Candida albicans. The extracts were subjected to scanning analysis in the ultraviolet region (UV/Vis), qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites and Ultra Efficiency Liquid Chromatography with a diode array detector. The antifungal activity of EEB and AEB was determined using the broth microdilution technique, as well as the mechanisms of action via sorbitol and ergosterol. The Checkerboard method was used to determine the combination of extracts with chlorhexidine gluconate, nystatin and fluconazole. Growth kinetics were performed using the viable cell counting method expressed in cells/mL. The formation of germ tubes was evaluated by counting in a Neubauer chamber under an optical microscope. Antibiofilm activity was determined by viable cell counting and the XTT method. Finally, hemolytic activity was evaluated in human erythrocytes and quantified using a spectrophotometer. The results showed the presence of protocatechuic acid, epicatechin and rutin in both extracts. EEB showed antifungal activity with MIC of 15.68 µg/mL and AEB 31.25 µg/mL against C. albicans ATCC 90028, ATCC 10231 and against the six oral isolates with MIC between 7.8 – 62.5 µg/mL. The sorbitol and exogenous ergosterol assays suggest that EEB and EAB possibly bind to the ergosterol present in the fungal cell membrane. EEB showed a synergistic effect with chlorhexidine gluconate, nystatin and fluconazole and AEB with nystatin and fluconazole. In the growth kinetics assay, treatments with EEB and fluconazole exhibited a similar reduction. The extracts did not show activity on the formation and destruction of biofilms. In the formation of germ tube by C. albicans, EEB, AEB showed a percentage reduction in germination of 29% and 31%, respectively, and fluconazole of 24%. Both extracts did not show a hemolytic percentage in human erythrocytes. The results found showed promising activities of the extracts from the perspective of controlling C. albicans, especially with regard to oral candidiasis. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação Thu, 07 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6433 2024-03-07T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6432 Título: Avaliação da reatividade vascular de extratos e substâncias aquosas obtidos de preparações de bebida mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) em aorta de ratos Autor(es): Maris, Rafael Souza Primeiro Orientador: Kassuya, Candida Aparecida Leite Abstract: Introduction: Ilex paraguariensis is a plant belonging to the Aquifoliaceae family, commonly used by the population of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, and popularly known as mate. It is consumed in various preparations, notably both cold and hot. Studies have shown that the plant contains various organic compounds with diverse biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and has proven effective in improving endothelial function and protecting vascular function in consumers, also preventing the development of atherosclerosis. In this context, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is significant, as it is one of the main factors of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the vasorelaxant capacity of Ilex paraguariensis preparations and compounds, as well as the mechanism of action involved, through vascular reactivity studies in isolated aorta of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The animals were euthanized, followed by thoracotomy to expose their aorta. The aorta was removed, cleaned, and divided into aortic rings with and without endothelium. The rings were placed in baths with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution and connected to transducers. The extracts were obtained through aqueous preparations simulating the consumption of mate by the population. Results: The preparations demonstrated vasorelaxant activity, with a rate of 54.93% ± 0.17 in aorta with endothelium and 52.35% ± 0.02 in aorta without endothelium. Caffeine, the major compound, exhibited a vasorelaxant effect of 100%. The suggested mechanism of action involves the activation of potassium (K+) channels activated by calcium (Ca2+). Conclusion: Preparations and isolated compounds of Ilex paraguariensis showed significant antihypertensive activity in isolated organ study models, demonstrating promise as an ally in the treatment of systemic arterial hypertension. The possible mechanism of action involves the activation of potassium (K+) channels activated by calcium (Ca2+), likely attributed to caffeine, the major compound of the plant. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação Tue, 18 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6432 2024-06-18T00:00:00Z http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6431 Título: Antibiotic consumption in Brazil: an overview of the COVID-19 pandemic era Autor(es): Massarine, Natália Cassago Marcos; Rossato, Luana; Nunes, Isadora; Faccin, Izadora; Barbosa, Marcelo; Maximo, Tulio; Simionatto, Simone Primeiro Orientador: Simionatto, Simone Abstract: Background: Although antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a natural evolutionary process, the indiscriminate and irresponsible use of antibiotics has favored the selective pressure of multidrug resistance among microorganisms. This study aimed to assess the trend in antibiotic prescription in the Brazilian population from January 2018 to December 2021, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We compared hospital and community antimicrobial consumption from the National Health Surveillance Agency Database and correlated it to the microorganisms associated with healthcare-related infections. Results: The post-pandemic period showed a 26% increase in the consumption of antimicrobials in the hospital environment. The main increase was observed in the consumption of polymyxin B (137%). In 2021, 244,266 hospital-acquired infections were reported in the country. The rate of resistance to polymyxin-B was higher in 2021, mainly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1,400%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (514%). On the other hand, azithromycin was the most common community-consumed antibiotic in Brazil, contributing to 24% of the total antibiotic consumption. Correlation analysis indicated a moderate to strong correlation between the increased consumption of azithromycin and COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: Our results indicate an increase in antimicrobial consumption in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic and reinforce the fact that the misuse of antimicrobials may lead to an increase in AMR. Editor: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Tipo: Dissertação Mon, 08 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://repositorio.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/prefix/6431 2023-05-08T00:00:00Z