Avaliação da toxicidade, genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade do óleo da semente de Pachira aquatica Aublet

Abstract

In Brazil, the raise in natural products uses for food intake and as a medicinal option has been widely reported, however a huge majority of these species have no written reports regarding their toxic and genotoxic potential for a safe and effective usage. Pachira aquatica Aublet is a tree that presents fruits and seeds which are consumed in the North of Brazil, mainly by the Amazonian population where it can be found in abundance, but are broadcast in the other regions by their role in the afforestation of squares and gardens. Thus, the following study evaluation the preclinical toxicological changes through the acute and short-term toxicity tests, and evaluated mutagenic and genotoxic variations over the comet and micronucleus tests using an animal model with the oil extracted from the Pachira aquatic Aublet seed (OSPA). In the acute toxicity test, Wistar rats received oral the OSPA dose of 2000 mg / kg / body weight in a single administration. For the short-term toxicity, comet and micronucleus tests the doses of 250, 500, 1000 mg / kg and a positive control group treated with cyclophosphamide for the micronucleus assay were used. The results showed that the OSPA had an LD 50 of more than 2000 mg / kg and did not show any significance in the preclinical and short-term toxicity analyzes, since they were not observed Biochemical, hematological, histopathological and behavioral alterations that could indicate toxicity systemic. Also, the OSPA did not present genotoxic and cytological activity as demonstrated by the SMART test in the offspring of the high bioactivation crossover. Thus, in the treated doses it is concluded that OSPA shows no signs of toxicity after acut e and short-term exposure in female and male rats.