Os Entraves e a assimetria informacional nas compras diretas da agricultura familiar para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar

Abstract

The National School Feeding Program - PNAE, one of the country's oldest public policies, considered the oldest and oldest school feeding program in the world, has been gaining prominence in the national and international scenario. This recognition is mainly due to the successful experience of the program in the combination of healthy food, public purchases of family agriculture and social integration. As of the approval of Law 11,947 / 2009, the basic guidelines of the program were established, among which a determination was made that at least 30% of the value passed on to the states, municipalities and Federal District by the National Education Development Fund - FNDE, must be used in the purchase of foodstuffs from family agriculture. In this context, the objective of this work is to analyze the process of direct purchases of family agriculture to the PNAE in the municipalities that are part of the Citizenship Territories of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, with a view to adopting this process as a strategy to strengthen family agriculture. Thus, to meet the proposed objective, the results obtained are presented and discussed in two chapters that compose this dissertation, which were written in the form of articles. The first chapter is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of direct purchases of family agriculture to the PNAE after the ratification of Law 11.947 / 2009, establishing a relationship between this evolution and the actions of actors and agents involved in the process. The analysis reveals an increasing evolution in the national percentage of direct purchases of family agriculture, going from 11% in 2011 to 26% in 2015. At the Territories level, a 40% increase to 25% in the same period; 25% to 34%; 7% to 24% and 18% to 41%; in the Vale do Ivinhema, Grande Dourados, Da Reforma and Cone Sul Territories, respectively. The results of the actions of the actors and agents in this process showed a greater performance by nutritionists followed by Family farmers, agents of ATER and CAE. For the bidding agents, direct managers and sanitary inspection agents, lower levels of performance were noticed. It was also observed that the best performances are positively correlated with the greater performance of the agents involved, indicating the need to stimulate interaction and action among the agents to comply with the legal determination. The second chapter analyzes the contribution of contracts with incentives to increase the direct purchases of family agriculture to PNAE, in order to comply with the current legislation. The results indicate that the proposed contract minimizes transaction costs, generates the best possible outcome for both parties, encouraging the Agent to sell its production to the PNAE and inducing it to take the action intended by the Principal. Thus, in contractual relations inserted in a context of asymmetric information, the adoption of incentive mechanisms is efficient in reducing uncertainties and contractual risks, as well as in the alleviation of conflicts of interest and promotion of the maximization of well-being among agents involved.