Sistemas agroflorestais biodiversos: uma análise da sustentabilidade socioeconômica e ambiental

Abstract

Biologically diverse agroforestry systems are considered a more sustainable form of agriculture, and for this reason, they constitute an important instrument to guarantee food and nutritional security, conservation and environmental improvement and the fight against rural poverty. In this regard, the aim of this work was to demonstrate the contribution of Biodiversal SAFs to family agriculture in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). In order to do this, the level of socioeconomic and environmental sustainability of 18 (eighteen) SAFs implanted in the municipalities of Bonito, Bodoquena and Ponta Porã were analyzed. In order to perform such work, a field research was carried out to collect data, and the results served as a basis for the analysis of the sustainability index, elaborated through an analysis model used as an evaluation tool for biodiverse SAFs (INSSAFs). The results showed that the SAFs analyzed presented a level of sustainability classified as good (0.63), the best indexes were achieved in the environmental and social dimensions, and the economic dimension was more fragile. The main limiting factors identified were the lack of adequate and periodic technical assistance, the lack of control of expenses and income, the low level of schooling of the farmers and their families, the low participation in associative entities and the absence of agro industries. Positive factors include the significant amount of environmental services, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases in crops, resource savings, income diversification, food and nutritional security of families, autonomy of family labor, self-consumption and the satisfaction of farmers with rural life. The results show that there is potential for raising the level of sustainability through appropriate management and management of the SAFs, but there is a need for effective government participation, through public policies that support the development and dissemination of this type of system, as well as organization of farmers through greater participation in associative entities.