Trichilia silvatica (C. DC.): Perfil fitoquímico, avaliação antioxidante e antiinflamatória

Abstract

Trichilia silvatica (C. DC.), Meliaceae, endemic in Brazil and is in the vulnerable category of extinction in the red list of plants of IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) in the year 2004, being present in Dourados state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil is popularly known as café-do-mato or catiguá-branco, has a synonym Trichilia cuspidata (C. DC.). Previous studies have detected the presence of glycosylated lignans, steroids, diterpenes and sesquiterpenes in leaves and limonoids, one of its main components, as well as anti inflammatory and antioxidant action of the essential oils obtained from the leaves of Trichilia silvatica. The present work evaluates the phytochemical profile of the crude methanolic extract obtained from the barks and leaves of Trichilia silvatica by the quantitative of total phenols, flavonoids, flavonol and tannins condensed by the photocolorimetric method using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent as well as High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). To evaluate the antioxidant capacity, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), free radical capture ABTS + and beta carotene / linoleic acid systems were used. Anti-inflammatory capacity was assessed by the tests: paw edema, carrageenan-induced pleurisy and symozan induced arthritis. The anti-proliferative activity in tumor cells was evaluated by the sulforrodamine B method. The presence of phenols and flavonoids in the husks and leaves of T. silvatica and presence of caffeic acid in leaves and bark and synaptic acid in the bark were verified. It demonstrated significant activity against the proposed assays compared to BHT, ascorbic acid and quercetin, showed a significant anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting leukocyte migration, symozan-induced arthritis and paw edema. Antiproliferative activity demonstrated that the extract obtained from the leaves was active against VERO cells (green monkey kidney epithelial cell) and PC-3 (prostate) cells. In addition, more detailed studies on the chemical composition of these extracts, as well as studies with other models and in vivo assays are essential to characterize and elucidate their biological actions.