Ações afirmativas para ingresso no ensino superior e discurso racista na mídia brasileira: um estudo a partir da Revista Veja

Abstract

Affirmative action for entering the Brazilian public higher education has been adopted by our universities since 2002. Since then the adhesion of state and federal institutions to affirmative action increased year by year having as significant milestone, the recent establishment of the Law of quotas, sanctioned by President Dilma Rousseff in 2012. Thus, the present study, developed within the line of research “Education and Diversity”, the PPGEDU-UFGD aims to evaluate how the Brazilian media deals with affirmative action, with special attention to the quota policy, their main modality, and the Law of Quotas sanctioned after a long debate in Brazil at several levels, such as the academic, juridical and mass media. The object chosen for the study is the weekly magazine Veja, the oldest publication of the genre circulating and the highest circulation in the country, with more than a million copies weekly. The magazine, by the way, is published by Editora Abril, the segment leader, who has almost 50 different titles and is found in the oligopolistic logic of the Brazilian media. To study the way Veja deals with the theme for the period from 2008 to 2012, the content analysis proposed by Bardin will be used, identifying the frequency with which the subject is dealt with in what types of journalistic genres it covered, what the position presented by the texts and arguments used would be. Veja's content analysis also takes into account aspects related to journalistic treatment of affirmative action, such as the use of sources and quotes, persuasive instruments and association to images. For this, we base ourselves on Sousa and on Porto's observations, on the identification of the guidelines given the topic. As a theoretical support for the work, a bibliographical discussion is also held from issues with themes such as affirmative action, inclusion, media, the press in Brazil and racism, using authors such as Carvalho, Dijk, Lima, Munanga and Silverio, among others. Through research, we map out the criticisms to affirmative actions made by the magazine over the period, especially those of racial character. Thus, as we saw, Veja contributes to the reproduction of racism through their texts, preventing a serious discussion of a policy aimed at inclusion and democratic access to higher education in Brazil.