Modelagem matemática para alocação de variedades, épocas de plantio e colheita de cana-de- açúcar

Abstract

Harvest planning in the culture of sugarcane seeks to optimize the economic return based on the concept that in this culture, at a certain time of year, is the maximum concentration of sucrose in the stalks, being considered this time the ideal for the harvesting process at the lowest possible cost. The study aimed to implement a theoretical and empirical mathematical model, whose representation could help decision makers in matters related to plant planning in agricultural areas as well as indicate which varieties should be selected in order to maximize, at the point of harvest the productive potential of sugar cane. Mathematical modeling is the "art" to represent a process and/or system, whether agricultural, manufacturing, logistics, financial or services in the most reliable way to reality. The mathematical model is implemented through the use of multiple criteria linear programming, whose mathematical representation is obtained through restrictions 497,291 and 1,134,090 variables, using the GUSEK program. The application of the model occurred in a sugarcane plant with 22,081.61 ha area, divided into 40 agricultural areas. Postoptimization results show the breakdown of 40 agricultural areas in 179 plots, and the stabilization of harvest from the sixth year, 18,399.0 hectares. Of the 26 varieties of sugarcane available for planting, the model selected 9 varieties for the allocation of the various plots. The analysis shows the complexity of farm management, since it is responsible for providing raw materials for agro-industrial unit, to prevent any disruptions in industrial processing The model meets the objectives proposed to be used at the time of implementation one sugarcane plant by optimizing tons of sugar per hectare (TAH).