A Infraestrutura de transportes como política governamental para o desenvolvimento regional e a integração sul-americana: uma análise sobre as rotas bioceânicas em Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

The goal of this paper is to discuss the topic of territorial planning, regional integration and development in South America, the project of Bioceanic Route and resulting actions, performed in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The Bioceanic Route/Corridors constitute a series of investments made by several national governments in partnership with international organizations in infrastructure of transport (road, railway and waterway). Such investments are intended to link Brazil and South American countries to ports both in the Atlantic and in the Pacific oceans through a multimodal transport system. Therefore, this paper refers to the possibility of improving the movement of goods, capital and people between the two mentioned oceans. It is a project that relies on public and private investments, being highlighted in financing institutions such as: a Andean Development Corporation (CAF); Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA); Inter-American Development Bank (BID); Plata Basin Financial Development Fund (FONPLATA) and the actions of the Integrated Zone of the Centre West of South America (ZICOSUL). The definition of these continental infrastructure projects has been done mainly by IIRSA, which brings together 12 countries, evidencing their actions in the implantation of the Bioceanic Corridors. IIRSA proposed a regional delimitation of South America in various Integration Axes, among which some caused us great interest, particularly the Central Interoceanic Hub, within which the state of Mato Grosso do Sul is inserted. We try to demonstrate that such policies designed as development and regional integration emerge in order to meet the needs of capital based on the speeches of competitiveness. With the implantation of the Routes on the land of Mato Grosso do Sul, the population in general will also benefit but these are certainly not their interests in the use of these multimodal waterways that are considered in the definition of these policies. There are contradictory aspects of capitalism and how it spatializes, consolidating points of attraction and retraction, generating wealth and poverty and, producing the geographic space.