Detoxificação de farelos de algodão através do cultivo de cogumelos: aspectos alimentares

Abstract

This study aims to assess whether the process of detoxification of cottonseed meal through the cultivation of mushrooms is effective in the removal of toxic components that promote hepatotoxic effects in rats. The study was divided into two trials, and toxicity test of cottonseed meal, with levels of inclusion of 5, 15 and 25% of cottonseed meal and cottonseed meal tolerance detox by cultivation of mushroom, where was added in the diet three levels (5% , 15% and 25%) of cottonseed meal mushroom growing detoxificado Fistulina hepática and mushroom cultivation Pleorotus ostreatus. A total of 82 mice were used in the tests, albino males (rat norvergicus) of the Wistar lineage. After 28 days of feeding the mice were heavy, collected blood for laboratory and euthanized analysis for organ collection. The rates of growth, Hepatosomático index (IHS), specific growth rate (TCE) and protein efficiency rate (TEP) were evaluated, the experimental design in the diets increased by 5, 15, 25% of cotton Bran was the entirely randomized With four treatments and ten repetitions. In the diets added to detoxificado cotton bran by cultivating the Fistulina hepática mushroom and Pleurotus ostreatus (5, 15, 25%), the experimental delianeamento was with five treatments with ten repetitions. The results were submitted to variance analysis and, when significant (p < 0.05), compared by the Tukey test to 5% probability. The survival after the treatments were 100% of the population and no changes were observed in the hematologic analyses in both tests. However, changes in behavior of mice subjected to diets with cotton bran were observed. In the toxic test there was a decrease in weight gain and IHS and increased food conversion as an increase in the level of inclusion in the feeding of rats. With the increase in the inclusion of FA (15%) There was observed intensification of the cholestasis and dilation of the liver sinusoides. In feeding with 25% FA the liver presented itself with hepatocellular necrosis and steatosis with discrete, with inflammatory infiltrates. There were no changes in the belongings during the experiments performed with the cotton Bran detoxificado by the cultivation of the tested mushrooms. The increase of inclusion up to 15% of FD by Fistulina hepática and FD by Pleurotus ostreatus provided development equal to the group without inclusion of FA. In the histopathological analysis of the liver of the rats fed with the bran submitted to the cultivation of mushrooms presented a retained arrangement, however it is observed in the group fed with the indiscreet infiltrated Fistulina hepática FA, a Vacuolization and pyknotic nuclei in the hepatocytes. In this study it was observed that the detoxification with the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, proved to be efficient in lessening the toxic effects of the gossypol of the cotton bran since, there was growth, maintenance of the liver activities and decrease of the cholesterol Circulating rats.