Viabilidade econômica da produção de mel: análise comparativa entre duas espécies de abelhas como fonte de renda da agricultura familiar

Abstract

Apiculture stands out in family agriculture since there is the participation of family members in the generation of income and allows the producer to develop another function in parallel, since no daily management is required. The Brazil has abundant and diversified apicultural flora, so honey produced under correct technical norms has good commercialization, generating significant income (SENAR, 2010). Thus, the present study aims at comparing the economic viability of the production of honey from two bees, honeybee apis and melipona (stingless), since they are considered the most conventional species of beekeeping practice. Honey from the former is considered to be more productive, but the latter from the latter has a higher value of commercialization and differentiated management. Therefore, in order to select the best business alternative, from the processing of comprehensive data to the formulation of more direct results, we used a cost diagnosis, production system, financial indicators, qualitative aspects with the aid of the analysis method AHP ( Analytic Hierarchy Process) to evaluate the two alternatives. The methodology refers to quantitative-qualitative research, since it is a proposition based on data selection, analysis of quantitative results and qualitative criteria. The main results of the financial indicators were: Net present value (NPV) in project 1 (bee with sting) R$ 19,210.20, in project 2 (bee without sting) R$ 2,158.47; Internal rate of return (IRR) in project 1 corresponds to 117.61% and in project 2 it is equivalent to 93.81%; the payback discounted in project 1 occurs within 1 year and 10 months, already in project 2 in two years and one month. This considering a projection of the first five years of the enterprise. After the application of the AHP method, the result showed 52.81%, the best project, the honey production of stingless bees (P1), due to the quantitative financial criteria of the bee stingless (P2) whose score corresponds to 47.19%. Finally, in order to simplify the information addressed and at the same time provide a complete comparison, a synoptic framework was developed to help the manager or rural producer to visualize the main criteria and indicators involved in the production system of the two bee species.