A Aliança histórica entre Estados Unidos e Israel: impactos sobre o procedimento da Revisão Periódica Universal (RPU) da ONU

Abstract

The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a procedure of the Human Rights Council (HRC) in which all UN states agree to undergo an evaluation process on their human rights situation, receiving recommendations that they can accept or just noted. The effective participation of the United States of America in the RPU began during the Obama administration after contradictory and complex relationship of the country with the HRC inherited from the Bush administration. In order to understand this process of elaborating the recommendations, this research is based on the assumption of a great politicization of the mechanisms and institutions within the human rights regime, since the recommendations made by the United States to Israel were marked by the lack of attention to human rights violations in this country. This is because the historical rapprochement between the two countries that reflects common interests of security and military partnership and, therefore, the fact that the US criticizes Israel for its human rights violations would be capable of causing diplomatic effects that could hurt this close relationship between them, creating an international shaming for Israel. Thus, the research problem is to establish how the relationship between the United States of America and Israel influences when recommendations are made in the UPR procedure. From this, the research consists in a study of case with qualitative and quantitative data from the bibliographic review and also the analysis of the recommendations provided by UPR-Info made between the US and Israel, aiming to demonstrate that the approximation between both countries impacts on the UPR mechanism.