Rugosidade superficial do solo e índices relacionados, sob diferentes sistemas de manejo

Abstract

This work was carried out in Dourados, MS, in soil classified as Oxisol Red aluminoferric typic, with an average downward slope of 0,03 m m-1 at the experimental campus at the EMBRAPA AGROPECUÁRIA OESTE. Surface roughness is formed by mechanical preparations and type and quantities of vegetal residues among other factors, while its temporal persistence depends on rain. Aiming to evaluate the influences of soil management and vegetal residues, and quantify water erosion, the research used the management systems: no tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT), under soybean, oat and corn cultures, following 0, 2 and 4; 0,1 and 2; and 0,3 and 6 Mg ha-1 soil covering levels with the respectives vegetal residues. Experimental plots had seven rains applied, with 60 mm h-1 intensity of precipitation and 60 minutes each, summing 420 mm of water depth. Roughness was valuated immediately before and after soil management and after each simulated rain, while water and soil losses were collected during the rain. Combination of soil management and covering level turned out split-plot experiments in partial treatments. Exponential regression model was used to study the relations between roughness index and rain volume. Values in roughness index at soybean, oat and corn were, respectively, between 1,88 and 17,45; 2,15 and 17,71; and 4,89 and 20,37. Values in soil losses were from 1,4x10-3 to 116,3x10-3 Mg ha-1 h-1; and water from 2,6 to 112,6 m3 ha-1 h-1. Concluding that soil management, generally, increase surface roughness; minimum tillage system provided higher random roughness levels; simulated rainfall action at no tillage system no covering, conventional tillage and minimum tillage promoted efficient soil microrrelief decay; conservational systems kept low water and soil losses.