Rotação de culturas com oleaginosas e gramíneas na produção de soja e milho

Abstract

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of soybean in different successions of crops on tillage system. The experiment was accomplished in the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 agricultural (winter season), 2010, 2011 and 2012 (summer season) on experimental area of AGRAER/CEPAI, in the municipality of Ponta Porã, Mato Grosso do Sul. The experimental design was randomized blocks with thirteen treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of thirteen crop rotation systems, involving different plant species, predecessors to soybeans, being they: fallow land, corn, corn + brachiaria, wheat, sunflower, Canola (CANadian Oil, Low Acid), forage turnip, safflower, Niger and crambe. We evaluated the phytomass crop predecessors soybeans in full bloom, as well as plant height and insert the first pod, branch number per plant, number of pods per plant, productivity of soybean and mass of 100 grains. The analysis of variance of the data of the first insertion pod, number of pods per plant and number of branch per plant, were not significant to the culture of soybean in the years 2011/12 agricultural and 2012/13, plant height, mass of thousand grains of soybeans and productivity were significant in both agricultural years evaluated. In both years, the largest agricultural productivity was obtained when the canola oil was used as culture predecessor with 2.963 and 3.747 kg ha-1 for the year 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 respectively. The smallest yields obtained when examining culture predecessor on soybean productivity stayed with the succession wheat/soybeans in both years. In 2011/2012 agricultural crop productivity of this rotation ranged from 1.993 to 2.026 kg ha-1 and the year 2012/2013 agricultural of 2.837 to 2.863 kg ha-1.