Detecção, transmissão e controle de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum associado a sementes de soja

Abstract

The detection, transmission and control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum associated with soybean seeds were as studied under laboratory conditions. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory of Phytopathology UFGD in the Dourados - MS. Aiming to evaluate the seed - seedling transmission of the pathogen, soybean seed artificially inoculated with the pathogen were mixed with healthy seeds, establishing five levels of incidence (0 , 2 , 4 , 8 and 10% ). The seeds were sown in soil + sand in plastic boxes , marking the position of the inoculated seeds. We evaluated the percentage of emergence at 7 and 15 days after sowing. The fungus was observed in all inoculated seedlings derived from seeds, even those who had no symptoms of disease. On the inoculated plants immediately adjacent to, the presence of the pathogen was about 39 % of them at 22 ° C and 16.4% at 27 ° C. In the second position, the average percentage of presence of the fungus was 23.35% and 8.75% to 22 to 27 ° C, respectively. Lots of seeds produced and marketed in Mato Grosso do Sul in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 harvests in were analyzed for sanity by the method of the paper roll. The frequency of S. sclerotiorum ranged from 1.2% to 11.1% in 2008/2009 and 1% to 9.1% in the 2009/ 2010 harvest, whereas the incidence in 2008/2009 was between 0.25% and 0.75% in the 2009/2010 crop was 0.25%. to 1.5% Studying the in vitro susceptibility of S. sclerotiorum to fungicides: benzalkonium chloride, captan, fluazinam, fluopiram, iprodione, procymidone and thiophanate methyl in six concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg. mL-1) and five replicates, we observed lower growth rate with the use of the fungicide procymidone 0.1 μg.mL-1. From 1 μg.mL-1 the fluazinam and procymidone completely inhibited the mycelial growth and consequently the production of sclerotia of the fungus. At higher doses, the fungicides captan, fluopiram, iprodione and thiophanate methyl were effective in inhibiting the growth of S. sclerotiorum reaching 100% inhibition in miceliogênica germination, while the fungicide benzalkonium chloride inhibited only 16 % of the pathogen development without affecting the production of sclerotia.