Refugiados e as fronteiras brasileiras: análises sobre a securitização desses espaços, “Capacity Building” e a garantia dos direitos humanos

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze border spaces and their security implications using a broader approach regarding International Security studies. In adition, we seek to identify elements that shape the securitization of Brazilian borders, on the one hand, and also the securitzation of immigrants and refugees that cross these borders, establishing relations of these contexts to the current panorama concerning the protection and guarantee of human rights by the State. We used the concept of "securitization" proposed by authors of the Copenhagen School, under a constructivist approach to international relations. This approach considers that the threat to national security is built socially, and that various issues can be securitized. This research was based on bibliographical analyzes about the institute of refuge in the International Relations, also taking into account studies focused on the Brazilian context of protection and the reality of the Brazilian borders in relation to these subjects and still has contributions of the concept of "Capacity Building" for an analysis of the interference of the state structure in the guarantee of human rights. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with some institutions dealing with refugee issues and with Haitian immigrants living in the city of Dourados. We identified several actions by the institutions and the border civil society that demonstrate the high securitization of these spaces and the unfolding of this process in the life of those who seek refuge in Brazil.