Atributos químicos do solo e produtividade de trigo sob pó de rochas

Abstract

Agricultural mechanization and the stimulat of large-scale production in the twentieth century allowed the adoption of soluble industrial fertilizers that contributed to increased productivity. However, the increase in prices and the growing need for nutrients caused an increase in production costs, making production unviable in the medium and small scale. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient supply capacity for the use of basalt and serpentinite rock powders at different doses and their effect on wheat crop productivity. The experiment was conducted in the winter crop of 2016 at the experimental farm of the UFGD, in Dourados - MS in the area of Red Latosol Distroferric. The statistical design was a randomized block design, in a 5x2 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments consisted of doses of basalts and serpentinites (0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 Mg ha-1) and the bioactive at doses of 0 and 300 g.ha-1. The plots had dimensions of 3.6 x 5.0 m. The soil was collected in two depths (0 - 0.1 and 0.1 - 0.2 m), after which the following attributes were analyzed: pH, Ca, Mg, P, K, H + Al, organic matter and micronutrients. Macro and micronutrients of these soil and leaf samples were also analyzed. The adoption of the bioactive with the basalt powder provided a greater availability of phosphorus in the soil solution with a lower dose of powder applied; in addition, all treatments that received the bioactive had a lower pH that is connected with the formation of acids humic. However, for the components of basalt powder production, the non-addition of the bioactive increased the number of tillers and spikes, but the productivity did not differ from the treatments with the bioactive, which may be related to the increase of the weight of the spikes or the grains with has the bioactive addition. However, for the serpentinite powder, the adoption of the bioactive provided a greater number of tillers and fewer spikes, but the productivity did not differ from the bioactive treatments.