Germinação, calogênese e micropropagação de Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels

Abstract

Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels is one of the fruitful species belonging to the Myrtaceae family, commonly known as “jamelão”. The jamelão plants are fairly known for their hyperglycemic agents and the tea from its leaves is normally used by diabetic patients. Aiming at the limitations on species propagation, the in vitro cultivation is an important alternative for the production of seedlings and conservation of genetics resources, highlighting the micropropagation, which allows the achievement of plants with identical genetic characteristics, in large scale and in a short time. The aim was to establish an efficient germination protocol, callogenesis and jamelão micropropagation. The activities were developed at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, belonging to the Center of Biotechnology and Sugar Cane Genetic Enhancement, of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados. Four different experiments were carried out: in the first and second experiment, the effect of different concentrations of biostimulant (0,0; 5,0; 10,0; 15,0; 20,0; 25,0 e 30,0 mL kg-1 of seed) on the in vitro and ex vitro germination of jamelão seeds was evaluated. In the third experiment, the effect of different concentrations of growth regulators ANA (0,0; 2,0 e 4,0 mg L -1 ), TDZ (0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L -1 ) and 2,4-D (0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L -1 ) on the in vitro organogenesis from leaf explants was evaluated and on the fourth experiment, the effect of different concentrations of BAP (0,0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1 ) and ANA (0,0 e 0,5 mg L -1 ) on the micropropagation from nodal segments was evaluated. In the first experiment, Syzygium cumini seeds treated with biostimulant resulted on higher percentages of in vitro germination and in the ex vitro experiment, there was 100% germination. About organogenesis, the combination of 0,0 mg L-1 of ANA, 2,0 mg L-1 of TDZ and 1,0 mg L-1 of 2,4-D induced elevated callogenic intensity for leaf segments and the combination of 2,0 mg L-1 of BAP and 0,5 mg L-1 of ANA favored the increase of the number of leaves, the height (cm) and fresh mass (g) of the plants, being the most suitable treatment for in vitro micropropagation of nodal segments of Syzygium cumini.