O Surgimento, a ascensão e a crise do fenômeno da Onda Rosa na Argentina, Brasil e Venezuela nos anos de 1998 a 2016

Abstract

The present work aims at analyzing the phenomenon started in the late 1990s in Latin America, especially in Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela, and was called Onda Rosa. The objective of this work is deployed in two analytical movements. The first is the decisive factors that culminated in a rise of the political-institutional model of the so- called Onda Rosa. The second, the crisis of this model in these democracies. The materials selected for analysis in this research to compare the first objective were the speeches and programs formulated during the electoral campaigns that preceded the victory of the presidential election: 1. In Venezuela, by Hugo Chávez, in 1998, with the so-called Bolivarian Revolution; 2. In Argentina, by Néstor Kirchner, in 2003, a progressive Peronist with an Economic Restructuring Program; 3. In Brazil, by Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, in 2002, led by the Government Program of the Workers' Party and the Letter to the Brazilian People. Subsequently, the suspicion for fragmentation of this model of government was the crisis of 2008, demarcated by episodes of our recent history, analyzed by the prism of the bibliography of political science. Within this analysis, it was possible to resolve possible typologies of center-left governments, such as reform processes, being the renovators or moderates such as Brazil and Argentina, who sought the definitive overcoming of neoliberalism, and, on the other hand, the more radical refounders, characteristics of Venezuela, who advanced in the post-neoliberal direction.