Pós-colonialismo e missões jesuíticas: uma abordagem geopolítica frente ao imperialismo ibérico

Abstract

This work aims to analyze the jesuit missions in Latin America, evidencing Paraguay Province, from a post-colonial approach, analyzing questions associated to geopolitics and to the self-determination project of subalternized individuals by Portugal and Spain. We want to understand the geopolitics aspects of the region, contextualizing them in the International Relations history. Thus, we highlight the multilateral relations between the empires and the Society of Jesus by the missions, which built autonomous spaces with administrative, political and economic autonomy, such its presence at the region produced important geopolitics process, which arrived to apex by the missionary resistance against Madrid Treaty culminating to the Guarani war. For developing these questions we proposed, in an initial moment, a post-colonial theoretical basis, as well as a geopolitics concept to guide us. After, we elucidate questions related with the world- system formation and, in consequence, the modern colonialism formation, presenting Portugal and Spain procedure in that context. Then, we present the Society of Jesus creation by Inácio de Loyola, inserting it in Protestant Reformation and Counter- Reformation context. We present how the missions were organized, using two different historiography of this period: an optimist one, that believe the missions were dissonant from colonial structure; and a critical one, that considers the missions as a domination mechanism. Finally , we propose an approximation of post-colonial approaches with the historical events in the missions, in order to reflect about the possibility of emancipation of subalternized individuals.