Novas parentalidades: os sentidos da guarda compartilhada para pais e mães separados

Abstract

This is a qualitative research, of the exploratory type, integrated to the investigations developed in the line of research of Psychosocial Processes of the Graduate Program in Psychology of the Federal University of Grande Dourados. It aimed to know the experience of separated fathers and mothers who are or have recently been with some demand in the judiciary related to the regularization or modification of custody, visits, establishment of child support or maintenance of children, and to understand how they conceive parental roles, how they see the differences between custody modalities and especially the concept of shared custody. Our aim was to identify the social values underlying their discourses, verifying how ideological references permeate their ways of seeing parenthood and influence the established mode of custody. For this, six semi-structured interviews were conducted with two fathers and four mothers whose processes were joined through the Legal Center of UFGD. The interviews were recorded, transcribed in full, and the texts resulting from the transcriptions were categorized and submitted to discourse analysis, according to Rocha-Coutinho (1998). The analysis focused on the verification of sociocultural influences in the interviewees' discourses, focusing on how gender differences and the performance of parental functions are conceived by them. The participants' discourses were often contradictory as to what they want for their children and what they actually allow to occur. However, despite being influenced by social constructs about roles to be played by fathers and mothers with their children, the interviewees are open to new experiences, new parenting that the sharing of custody can bring them.

Il s’agit d’une recherche qualitative, de type exploratoire, intégrée aux recherches développées dans le cadre de la recherche sur les processus psychosociaux du Programme d’études supérieures en psychologie de l’Université fédérale de Grande Dourados. Il visait à connaître l’expérience des pères et des mères séparés qui sont ou ont récemment été avec une certaine demande dans le système judiciaire liée à la régularisation ou la modification de la garde, les visites, l’établissement de la pension alimentaire pour enfants ou la pension alimentaire des enfants, et de comprendre comment ils conçoivent les rôles parentaux, comment ils voient les différences entre les modalités de garde et surtout le concept de garde partagée. Notre objectif était d’identifier les valeurs sociales qui sous-tendent leurs discours, en vérifiant comment les références idéologiques imprègnent leurs façons de voir la parentalité et influencent le mode de garde établi.