Perfil químico e atividades antioxidante, anti-inflamatória, antimutagênica e antimicrobiana do geoprópolis da abelha sem ferrão Melipona orbignyi

Abstract

Geopropolis is a resin mixed with mud, produced only by stingless bees. Despite being popularly known for its medicinal properties, few scientific studies have proven its biological activities. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and antimicrobial activities of the Melipona orbignyi geopropolis. For this, the hydroalcoholic extract of geopropolis (HEGP) was prepared and its chemical composition determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS). The antioxidant activity was determined by the direct capture of free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the inhibition of the hyaluronidase enzyme and the antimutagenic action was investigated by the method of induction of mitotic recombination and mutation in colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies. The antimicrobial activities were determined against bacteria and yeasts, isolated from reference strains and hospital origin. The chemical composition of the HEGP shows a presence of flavonoids aromadendrin, naringenin, methyl-aromadendrin and methyl naringenin, as well as derivatives of glycosylated phenolic acids (gallic, cumaric and cinnamic acids) and terpenoids (sesqui and di triterpenes). The HEGP showed high antioxidant activity, by direct capture of free radicals, exhibiting IC50 of 18.3 ± 2.8 and 10.3 ± 0.5 μg / mL for the free radicals DPPH and ABTS respectively, and for the reduction of 93.2 ± 0.83% of oxidative hemolysis and 89.7 ± 2 , 13% of malondialdehyde levels, both at 50 μg / mL, superior results than the positive control, acid ascorbic. In addition, HEGP inhibited the activity of the inflammatory enzyme hyaluronidase in a concentration-dependent manner. The HEGP reduced the mutagenic effects in S. cerevisiae, reducing by 27.5 ± 2.5% the conversion of genes and 86.3 ± 0.4% of the number of mutant colonies. In relation to the antimicrobial activity, the HEGP presented bactericidal and fungicidal activity in all microorganisms evaluated including against strains of hospital origin resistant to the action of antimicrobial drugs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time the chemical composition of the extract of the geopropolis of M. orbignyi, as well as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and antimicrobial activities.